List of caliphs

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All years are according to the Common Era

Contents

[edit] The Rashidun ("Righteously Guided")

Accepted by Sunni Muslims as the first four pious and rightly guided rulers; Most Shi'a Muslims believe that the first three were usurpers.

[edit] The Umayyads of Damascus

[edit] The Abbasids of Baghdad

[edit] The main branch, in Baghdad

(Not accepted by the Muslim dominions in the Iberian peninsula and parts of North Africa)

[edit] Fatimids of Cairo

[edit] The Umayyads (Rahmanid branch) of Cordoba

(Not universally accepted; actual authority confined to Spain and parts of Morocco)

[edit] The Almohads of Spain and Morroco

(Not widely accepted)

(During the latter period of Abbasid rule, Muslim rulers began using other titles, such as Sultan)

[edit] The Abbasid branch of Cairo

(Note: The Cairo Abbasids were largely ceremonial Caliphs under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate)

[edit] The Ottoman Padishahs

Originally the secular, conquering dynasty was just entitled Sultan, soon it started accumulating titles assumed from subjected peoples

Note: From 1908 onwards the Ottoman Sultan was considered the equivalent of a constitutional monarch without executive powers, with parliament consisting of chosen representatives.

[edit] The secular Republic of Turkey

The caliphate was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly on March 3, 1924.

[edit] The Sharifan house in (now Saudi) Arabia

A last attempt at restoring the caliphal office and style with ecumenical recognition was made by al-Husayn ibn `Ali al-Hashimi, King of al-Hijaz and Sharif of Mecca, who assumed both 11 March 1924 and held them until his passing the kingship to his son `Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Hashimi, who did not adopt the khalifal office and style.

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