List of ad-hoc routing protocols

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An Ad hoc routing protocol is a convention or standard that controls how nodes come to agree which way to route packets between computing devices in a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET).

In ad hoc networks, nodes do not have a priori knowledge of topology of network around them, they have to discover it. The basic idea is that a new node (optionally) announces its presence and listens to broadcast announcements from its neighbors. The node learns about new near nodes and ways to reach them, and may announce that it can also reach those nodes. As time goes on, each node knows about all other nodes and one or more ways how to reach them.

Routing algorithms have to

  • keep routing table reasonably small
  • choose best route for given destination (this can be the fastest, most reliable, highest throughput, or cheapest route)
  • keep table up-to-date when nodes die, move or join
  • require small amount of messages/time to converge

Note that in a wider context, an ad hoc protocol can also mean an improvised and often impromptu protocol established for a particular specific purpose.

The following is a list of some ad-hoc network routing protocols:

Contents

[edit] Pro-active (Table-driven)

These algorithms maintain fresh list of destinations and their routes.

  • CGSR (Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing protocol) - CHING-CHUAN CHIANG, HSIAO-KUANG WU, WINSTON LIU, MARIO GERLA Routing in Clustered Multihop, Mobile Wireless Networks with Fading Channel, IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks, SICON'97, pp. 197-211, Singapore, 16.-17. April 1997, IEEE
  • DFR (“Direction” Forward Routing) - YENG-ZHONG LEE ,MARIO GERLA, JASON CHEN, JIWEI CHEN, BIAO ZHOU AND ANTONIO CARUSO, Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, Volume 2, Number 2, 2006.
  • DBF (Distributed Bellman-Ford Routing Protocol) - DIMITRI P. BERTSEKAS, ROBERT G. GALLAGER, Distributed Asynchronous Bellman-Ford Algorithm, Data Networks, pp. 325-333, Prentice Hall, Enlgewood Cliffs, 1987, ISBN 0-13-196825-4
  • DSDV (Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing protocol) - C. E. PERKINS, P. BHAGWAT Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DTDV) for Mobile Computers Proc. of the SIGCOMM 1994 Conference on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications, Aug 1994, pp 234-244.
  • LCA (Linked Cluster Architecture) - M. GERLA, J. T. TSAI Multicluster, Mobile, Multimedia Radio Network ACM Wireless Networks, VOl 1, No.3, 1995, pp. 255-265
  • STAR (Source Tree Adaptive routing protocol) - J.J. GARCIA-LUNA, M. SPOHN Source Tree Adaptive Routing Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-star-00.txt, work in progress, October 1999. / J.J. GARCIA-LUNA, M. SPOHN Source-Tree Routing in Wireless Networks, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Network Protocols, IEEE ICNP 99, Toronto, Candada, pp. 273-282, IEEE, October 1999 http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/garcia-luna-aceves99sourcetree.html
  • TBRPF (Topology Dissemination based on Reverse-Path Forwarding routing protocol) - BHARGAV BELLUR, RICHARD G. OGIER, FRED L. TEMPLIN Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF), RFC 3684, February 2004.
  • WRP (Wireless Routing Protocol) - SHREE MURTHY, J.J. GARCIA-LUNA-AVECES A Routing Protocol for Packet Radio Networks, Proc. ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 86-95, November, 1995. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/murthy95routing.html; SHREE MURTHY, J.J. GARCIA-LUNA-AVECES, An Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Networks, AACM/Baltzer Journal on Mobile Networks and Applications, Special Issue on Routing in Mobile Communication Networks, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp 183-197, ACM, October 1996

[edit] Reactive (On-demand)

When no designed route is found, protocol finds one.

  • Ant-based Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks - Mesut Günes et. al., ARA - the ant-colony based routing algorithm for manets, In Stephan Olariu, editor, Proceedings of the 2002 ICPP Workshop on Ad Hoc Networks (IWAHN 2002), pages 79-85, IEEE Computer Society Press, August 2002, http://www.adhoc-nets.de
  • Admission Control enabled On demand Routing (ACOR) - N. Kettaf, A. Abouaissa, T. Vuduong and P. Lorenz, (draft-kettaf-manet-acor-00.txt), July 2006, (Work in progress)]
  • Backup Source Routing - SONG GUO, OLIVER W. YANG Performance of Backup Source Routing (BSR) in mobile ad hoc networks p 440-444, Proc. 2002 IEEE Wireless Networking Conference
  • CacHing And MultiPath routing - ALVIN C. VALERA, WINSTON K.G. SEAH AND S.V. RAO, CHAMP: A Highly Resilient and Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks (MWCN 2002), Stockholm, Sept 9 - 11, 2002. Available from: http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~winston/papers/MWCN2002-CHAMP.pdf
  • Dynamic Source Routing - DAVID JOHNSON, DAVID MALTZ, YIH-CHUN HU: The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-dsr-10.txt, work in progress, July 2004 / DAVID B. JOHNSON, DAVID A. MALTZ: Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Mobile Computing, Thomasz Imielinski and Hank Korth (Editors), Vol. 353, Chapter 5, pp. 153-181, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996
  • Flow State in the Dynamic Source Routing - YIH-CHUN HU, DAVID B. JOHNSON, DAVID A. MALTZ Flow State in the Dynamic Source Routing Protocol Internet Draft, draft-ietf- manet-dsrflow-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001.
  • Dynamic NIx-Vector Routing - Young J. Lee and George F. Riley, Dynamic NIx-Vector Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2005), New Orleans, Mar. 13 - 17, 2005.
  • Flow Oriented Routing
  • GB (Gafni-Bertsekas), E. Gafni, D. Bertsekas: Distributed Algorithms for Generating Loop-free Routes in Networks with Frequently Changing Topology, IEEE Transactions on Communication, Vol. 29, No. 1, Jan, 1981, pp.11-15. The first Link Reversal Routing (LRR) algorithm.
  • LBR (Link life Based routing), B. S. Manoj, R. Ananthapadmanabha, and C. Siva Ram Murthy, "Link life Based Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks", Proc. of The 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications 2001 (IC3N 2001), October 2001.
  • LMR (Lightweight Mobile Routing protocol) - M.S. CORSON AND A. EPHREMIDES Lightweight Mobile Routing protocol (LMR), A distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks, Wireless Networks 1 (1995).A Link Reversal Routing (LRR) algorithm.
  • LUNAR (Lightweight Underlay Network Ad hoc Routing) - CHRISTIAN TSCHUDIN AND RICHARD GOLD Lightweight Underlay Network Ad hoc Routing (LUNAR), http://www.docs.uu.se/selnet/lunar/
  • MOR - Multipath On-demand Routing Protocol, Biagioni and Chen, A reliability layer for ad-hoc wireless sensor network routing, [1]
  • RDMAR (Relative-Distance Micro-discovery Ad hoc Routing protocol) - G. AGGELOU, R. TAFAZOLLI Relative Distance Micro-discovery Ad Hoc Routing (RDMAR) protocol Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet- rdmar-00.txt, work in progress, September 1999.
  • SSR (Signal Stability Routing protocol) - R. DUBE, C. D. RAIS, K. WANG, AND S. K. TRIPATHI Signal Stability based adaptive routing (SSR alt SSA) for ad hoc mobile networks, IEEE Personal Communication, Feb. 1997.
  • TORA (Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm routing protocol) - V. PARK, S. CORSON TEMPORALLY-ORDERED ROUTING ALGORITHM (TORA) VERSION 1 Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-tora-spec- 03.txt, work in progress, June 2001. A Link Reversal Routing (LRR) algorithm.
  • PLBR (Preferred link based routing)-- R. S. Sisodia, B. S. Manoj, and C. Siva Ram Murthy, "A Preferred Link Based Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks", Journal of Communications and Networks, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 14-21, March 2002

[edit] Hybrid (Pro-Active/Reactive)

  • HSLS (Hazy Sighted Link State routing protocol) - Uses a mathematical optimization to mix link state and reactive routing to optimize network data updates in space and time, CESAR SANTIVANEZ AND RAM RAMANATHAN Hazy Sighted Link State routing protocol (HSLS),BBN Technical Memorandum No. 1301, 31 August 2001. [2] There's an open-source version.

[edit] Hierarchical

  • CBRP (Cluster Based Routing Protocol) - M. JIANG, J. LI, Y. C. TAY Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP) Functional Specification Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-cbrp.txt, work in progress, June 1999.
  • CEDAR (Core Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing) - RAGHUPATHY SIVAKUMAR, PRASUN SINHA, VADUVUR BHARGHAVAN Core Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing (CEDAR) Specification, Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-cedar-spec-00.txt; PRASUN SINHA, RAGHUPATHY SIVAKUMAR, VADUVUR BHARGHAVAN CEDAR: A Core-Extraction Distributed Ad Hoc Routing Algorithm, The 18th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, INFOCOM '99 New York, NY, USA, pp. 202-209 IEEE, March 1999
  • DART (Dynamic Address Routing) - JAKOB ERIKSSON, MICHALIS FALOUTSOS, SRIKANTH KRISHNAMURTHY Scalable Ad Hoc Routing: The Case for Dynamic Addressing, in proceedings of INFOCOM 2004. Project website http://dart.cs.ucr.edu
  • DDR (Distributed Dynamic Routing Algorithm) - NAVID NIKAEIN, HOUDA LABIOD, CHRISTIAN BONNET Distributed Dynamic Routing Algorithm (DDR) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, in proceedings of the MobiHOC 2000 : First Annual Workshop on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing http://www.eurecom.fr/~nikaeinn/ddr.ps
  • FSR (Fisheye State Routing protocol) - MARIO GERLA, GUANGYU PEI, XIAOYAN HONG, TSU-WEI CHEN Fisheye State Routing Protocol (FSR) for Ad Hoc Networks Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-fsr-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001.
  • HARP (Hybrid Ad Hoc Routing Protocol) - NAVID NIKAEIN, CHRISTIAN BONNET, NEDA NIKAEIN Hybrid Ad Hoc Routing Protocol - HARP, in proceeding of IST 2001: International Symposium on Telecommunications http://www.eurecom.fr/~nikaeinn/harp.ps
  • HSR (Host Specific Routing protocol)
  • HSR (Hierarchical State Routing) - Scalable Routing Strategies for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
  • LANMAR (Landmark Routing Protocol for Large Scale Networks) - MARIO GERLA, XIAOYAN HONG, LI MA, GUANGYU PEI Landmark Routing Protocol (LANMAR) Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet- lanmar-01.txt, work in progress, June 2001.
  • OORP (OrderOne Routing Protocol) - establishes a hierarchy, then uses ant-trail style rerouting to optimize it. Patented. OrderOne Networks- includes Java simulations and anmiations

[edit] Geographical

  • ALARM (Adaptive Location Aided Routing - Mines) - J. Boleng and T. Camp, Adaptive Location Aided Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing, Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC '04), pp. 423-432, 2004. For more information also see http://toilers.mines.edu/pub/Public/PublicationList/Boleng-PhD.pdf.
  • BGR (Blind Geographic Routing) - MATTHIAS WITT, VOLKER TURAU BGR: Blind Geographic Routing for Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems (WISES'05). Hamburg, Germany, May 20, 2005.
  • DREAM (Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility) - S. BASAGNI, I. CHLAMTAC, V. R. SYROTIUK, B. A. WOODWARD A Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility (DREAM) In Proc. ACM/IEEE Mobicom, pages 76-84, October 1998.
  • GLS(Grid) (Geographic Location Service) - JINYANG LI, JOHN JANOTTI, DOUGLAS S. J. DE COUTU, DAVID R. KARGER, ROBERT MORRIS A Scalable Location Service for Geographic Ad Hoc Routing M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science
  • LAR (Location-Aided Routing protocol) - Y.-B. KO, V. N. H. Location-Aided Routing in mobile Ad hoc networks In Proc. ACM/IEEE Mobicom, pages 66-75, October 1998.
  • GPSAL (GPS Ant-Like Routing Algorithm) - Daniel Câmara, Antonio Alfredo F. Loureiro, A Novel Routing Algorithm for Hoc Networks, Baltzer Journal of Telecommunications Systems, 18:1-3, 85-100, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
  • ZHLS (Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State Routing) - JOA NG, I-TAI LU Zone-Based Hierchical Link State Routing (ZHLS). An abstract routing protocol and medium access protocol for mobile ad hoc networks Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy (Electrical engineering) in January 1999.; MARIO JOA-NG, I-TAI-LU A Peer-to-Peer Zone-Based Two-Level Link State Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communication, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 1415-1425, August 1999
  • GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) - BRAD N. KARP, H. T. KUNG GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks, Proceedings of the sixth annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile computing and networking (MobiCom '00), pages 243-254, August 2000.

[edit] Power aware

Energy required to transmit a signal is proportional to the square of the distance. Transmitting a signal half the distance requires one fourth of the energy and if there is a node in the middle willing spend another fourth of its energy for the second half, data would be transmitted for half of the energy than through a direct transmission. This however introduces a delay.

  • ISAIAH (Infra-Structure Aodv for Infrastructured Ad Hoc networks) - ANDERS LINDGREN AND OLOV SCHELÉN Infrastructured ad hoc networks In Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (International Workshop on Ad Hoc Networking (IWAHN 2002)). pages 64-70. August 2002.
  • PARO (Power-Aware Routing Optimization Protocol) - J. GOMEZ, A. T. CAMPBELL, M. NAGHSHINEH, C. BISDIKIAN, T.J. WATSON POWER-AWARE ROUTING OPTIMIZATION PROTOCOL (PARO) Internet Draft, draft-gomez-paro-manet-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001. http//comet.ctr.columbia.edu/~javierg/paro/draft-gomez-paro-manet-00.txt
  • EADSR (Energy Aware Dynamic Source Routing Protocol) - T.X. Brown, S. Doshi, S. Bhandare, University of Colorado-Boulder, draft-brown-eadsr-00.txt, work in progress, June 2003, source code and documentation at http://pecolab.colorado.edu/EADSR.htm
  • PAMAS (PAMAS-Power Aware Multi Access Protocol with Signaling Ad Hoc Networks) - S. SINGH, C.S. RAGHAVENDRA PAMAS & PAMAS-Power Aware Multi Access Protocol with Signaling Ad Hoc Networks

[edit] Multicast

  • ABAM (On-Demand Associativity-Based Multicast) - Chai-Keong Toh, Guillermo Guichal, and Santithorn Bunchua: "On-demand associativity-based multicast routing for ad hoc mobile networks (ABAM)", In Proc. of the 52nd IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2000 Fall, vol. 3, pages 987 - 993, Boston, MA, September 2000.
  • ADMR (Adaptive Demand-Driven Multicast Routing) - Jorjeta G. Jetcheva and David B. Johnson: "Adaptive Demand-Driven Multicast Routing in Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks", In Proc. of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Mobile and Ad-hoc Networking & Computing (MobiHOC), pages 33 - 44, Long Beach, CA, October 2001.
  • AMRIS (Ad hoc Multicast Routing protocol utilizing Increasing id-numberS) - Chun Wei Wu and Yong Chiang Tay: "AMRIS: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks", In Proc. of the IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), pages 25 - 29, Atlantic City, NJ, November 1999.
  • AMRoute (Adhoc Multicast Routing Protocol) - Mingyan Liu, Rajesh R. Talpade, Anthony McAuley, and Ethendranath Bommaiah: "AMRoute: Adhoc Multicast Routing Protocol", University of Maryland CSHCN Technical Report 1999-1, College Park, MD, 1999.
  • AQM (Ad Hoc QoS Multicast) - Kaan Bür and Cem Ersoy: "Ad Hoc Quality of Service Multicast Routing", Elsevier Science Computer Communications, vol. 29, no. 1, pages 136 - 148, December 2005.
  • CAMP (Core-Assisted Mesh Protocol) - J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves and Ewerton L. Madruga: "The Core Assisted Mesh Protocol", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Ad-Hoc Networks, vol. 17, no. 8, pages 1380 - 1394, August 1999.
  • CBM (Content Based Multicast) - Hu Zhou and Suresh Singh: "Content based multicast (CBM) in ad hoc networks", In Proc. of the 1st ACM International Symposium on Mobile and Ad-hoc Networking & Computing (MobiHOC), pages 51 - 60, Boston, MA, August 2000.
  • DCMP (Dynamic Core Based Multicast Routing Protocol) - Subir Kumar Das, B. S. Manoj, and C. Siva Ram Murthy: "A Dynamic Core Based Multicast Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks", In Proc. of the 3rd ACM International Symposium on Mobile and Ad-hoc Networking & Computing (MobiHOC), pages 24 - 35, Lausanne, Switzerland, June 2002.
  • DDM (Differential Destination Multicast) - Lusheng Ji and M. Scott Corson: "Differential Destination Multicast-A MANET Multicast Routing Protocol for Small Groups", In Proc. of the 20th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM), pages 1192 - 1202, Anchorage, AK, April 2001.
  • DSR-MB (Simple Protocol for Multicast and Broadcast using DSR) - Jorjeta G. Jetcheva, Yih-Chun Hu, David A. Maltz, and David B. Johnson: "A Simple Protocol for Multicast and Broadcast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", Internet Draft draft-ietf-manet-simple-mbcast-01.txt (outdated), July 2001.
  • FGMP (Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol) - Ching-Chuan Chiang, Mario Gerla, and Lixia Zhang: "Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol (FGMP) for Multihop, Mobile Wireless Networks", ACM-Baltzer Journal of Cluster Computing: Special Issue on Mobile Computing, vol. 1, no. 2, pages 187 - 196, December 1998.
  • LAM (Lightweight Adaptive Multicast) - Lusheng Ji and M. Scott Corson: "A Lightweight Adaptive Multicast Algorithm", In Proc. of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom), pages 1036 - 1042, Sydney, Australia, November 1998.
  • MAODV (Multicast Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing) - Elizabeth M. Royer and Charles E. Perkins: "Multicast Operation of the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol", In Proc. of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 207 - 218, Seattle, WA, August 1999.
  • MCEDAR (Multicast Core-Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing) - Prasun Sinha, Raghupathy Sivakumar, and Vaduvur Bharghavan: "MCEDAR: Multicast Core-Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing", In Proc. of the Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pages 1313 - 1317, New Orleans, LA, September 1999.
  • MZR (Multicast Zone Routing) - Vijay Devarapalli, Ali A. Selcuk, and Deepinder Sidhu: "MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pages 886 - 891, Helsinki, Finland, June 2001.
  • ODMRP (On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol) - Sung-Ju Lee, Mario Gerla, and Ching-Chuan Chiang: "On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol", In Proc. of the Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pages 1298 - 1302, New Orleans, LA, September 1999. Available from: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/NRL/wireless/PAPER/odmrp-wcnc99.ps.gz
  • SPBM (Scalable Position-Based Multicast) - Matthias Transier, Holger Füßler, Jörg Widmer, Martin Mauve, and Wolfgang Effelsberg: "Scalable Position-Based Multicast for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks", In Proc. of the 1st International Workshop on Broadband Wireless Multimedia: Algorithms, Architectures and Applications (BroadWim), San José, CA, October 2004. Available from: http://www.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pi4/publications/Transier2004c.pdf
  • SRMP (Source Routing-based Multicast Protocol) - Hasnaa Moustafa and Houda Labiod: "SRMP: A Mesh-based Protocol for Multicast Communication in ad hoc networks", In Proc. of the 2002 International Conference on Third Generation Wireless and Beyond, pages 43 - 48, San Francisco, CA, May 2002.

[edit] Geographical Multicast (Geocasting)

  • LBM (Location Based Multicast) - Y.KO AND VAIDYA 1998 Location Based Multicast (LBM)
  • GeoGRID (Geographical GRID (see GLS)) - WEN-HWA LIAO AND JANG-PING SHEU AND YU-CHEE TSENG GeoGRID & Geographical GRID: A Fully Location-Aware Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Telecommunication Systems 2001,volume 18, number 1-3, pages 37-60
  • GeoTORA (Geographical TORA (see TORA)) - Y. KO AND N. VAIDYA A protocol for geocasting in mobile ad hoc networks (GeoTORA) Tech. Rep. 00-010, Dept. of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, March 2000. 23
  • MRGR (Mesh-Based Geocast Routing) - BOLENG, CAMP AND TOLETY 2001 Mesh-Based Geocast Routing (MRGR)
  • MOBICAST (Mobile Just-in-time Multicasting) - Q. Huang, C. Lu and G-C. Roman, Mobicast: Just-in-time multicast for sensor networks under spatiotemporal constraints, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 2634, pages 442-457
  • Abiding Geocast / Stored Geocast (Time Stable Geocasting) - C. Maihöfer, T. Leinmüller, E. Schoch: Abiding Geocast: Time-Stable Geocast for Ad Hoc Networks, Second ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET 2005), Cologne, Germany, September 2, 2005

[edit] Other

  • INSIGNIA (In-band signaling support for QoS in Mobile Ad hoc Networks) - S.B. LEE, G.S. AHN, X. ZHANG, and A.T. CAMPBELL, "INSIGNIA: An IP-Based Quality of Service Framework for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (Academic Press), Special issue on Wireless and Mobile Computing and Communications, Vol. 60 No. 4 pg. 374-406, April 2000, http://www.comet.columbia.edu/insignia
  • IMEP (Internet Manet Encapsulation Protocol) - M. S. CORSON, S. PAPADEMETRIOU, P. PAPADOPOULOS, V. PARK, A. QAYYUM INTERNET MANET ENCAPSULATION PROTOCOL (IMEP) SPECIFICATION, Internet Draft draft-ietf-manet-imep-spec-01.txt
  • ANMP (Adhoc Network Management Protocol) - W. Chen, N. Jain, S. Singh, ANMP: Ad hoc network management protocol, IEEE JSAC, Aug. 1999, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1506-1531. Available at http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~singh/anmp.html
  • Terminode Routing which is a combination of two routing methods namely Termode local routing and Terminode Remote Routing
  • Support - I.Chatzigiannakis, S.Nikoletseas and P.Spirakis: Distributed Communication Algorithms for Ad-hoc Mobile Networks. In the Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (JPDC), Elsevier, 63 (1): pp. 58-74, 2003, Special Issue on Mobile Ad-hoc Networking and Computing.
  • C. Siva Ram Murthy, B.S. Manoj, "Ad Hoc Wireless Networks : Architectures and Protocols", Prentice Hall PTR, May 2004, New Jersey, USA.

Link: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/013147023X/sr=8-1/qid=1148971820/ref=pd_bbs_1/104-9396180-5519166?%5Fencoding=UTF8

[edit] External links

This is a list of existing implementations of Ad hoc network routing protocols. These are links to code that can combine inexpensive commercial radios with inexpensive computers to form self-organizing radio-based network systems:

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