List of World War Two military operations

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This is a list of World War II missions, operations, and projects. Missions in support of other missions are not listed independently.

Contents

[edit] Africa

Excluding Mediterranean

[edit] Atlantic Ocean

Includes North Sea, Arctic convoys and actions against naval vessels in harbour

[edit] China

  • Alpha (1944) — improvement of the defences of Kunming against Japanese threats
  • August Storm (1945) — Soviet invasion of Manchuria and other Japanese occupied territories
  • Ichigo (1944) — Japanese campaign in eastern China to secure overland routes to Indo-China and airfields
  • Matterhorn (1944) — establishment of bases for US B-29 bomber aircraft

[edit] Eastern Front

European operations involving the Soviet Union.

  • Aster (1944) — German withdrawal from Estonia
  • Bagration (1944) — Large-scale Russian offensive against German forces in Belorussia
  • Barbarossa (1941) — German invasion of the Soviet Union
    • Haifisch ("Shark") (1941) — deception operation for Barbarossa, feinting an attack on Scotland and north-east England from Norway
    • Harpune ("Harpoon") (1941) — deception operation for Barbarossa, feinting an attack on southern England from France
    • Taifun ("Typhoon") (1941) — German autumn offensive to capture Moscow before winter.
  • Beowulf I & II (1941) — two separate German plans to assault the Estonian islands of Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Muhu
    • Nordwind (1941) — Diversionary plan for Beowulf II
      • Lel (1941) — sub-plan of Nordwind
      • Nau (1941) — sub-plan of Nordwind
      • Stimmung (1941) — sub-plan of Nordwind
    • Siegfried (1941) — German assault on Hiiumaa
      • Ost (1941) — sub-plan of Siegfried
      • Mitte (1941) — sub-plan of Siegfried
      • West (1941) — sub-plan of Siegfried
    • Sodwind (1941) — Diversionary plan for Beowulf II
    • Weststurm (1941) — German naval bombardment in support of Beowulf II
    • Westwind (1941) — Diversionary plan for Beowulf II
  • Braunschweig 1 ("Brunswick") (1942) — German offensive towards Stalingrad and the Caucasus
    • Fischreiher ("Heron") (1942) — German offensive to capture Stalingrad
  • Delphin ("Dolphin") (1944) — German withdrawal from Saaremaa, Estonia
  • Donnerschlag ("Thunderclap") (1942) — planned breakout of the German 6th Army from Stalingrad
  • Eisenhammer (1943) — plan to destroy Soviet power generators in Moscow and Gorky (not the same as Iron Hammer)
  • Eisstoss ("Ice Push") (1942) — Luftwaffe operation against Soviet warships near Leningrad
  • Fall Blau ("Case Blue") (1942) — German offensive in the southern Soviet Union
  • Feuerzauber ("Fire Magic") (1942) — planned German capture of Leningrad
  • Frühlingserwachen ("Spring Awakening") (1945) — German counterattack against Soviet forces in Hungary
  • Hannibal (1945) — German evacuation of East Prussia
  • Hubertus (1942) — German attack in Stalingrad
  • Keelhaul (1945) — forced repatriation to the Soviet Union, by the western Allies, of Soviet prisoners of war
  • Konrad (1945) — German-Hungarian efforts to relieve the encircled garrison of Budapest
  • Kugelblitz (Ball Lightning) (1945) — German anti-partisan action near Vitebsk
  • Kutuzov (1943) — Russian attack on German 2nd Panzer Army, north of the Kursk salient
  • Laura (1944) — proposed German evacuation of Courland
  • Lyuban (1942) — failed Soviet attempt to relieve Leningrad.
  • Margarethe (1944) — German operation to keep Hungary from defecting
  • Mars (1942) — failed major Soviet offensive against Rzhev salient
    • Jupiter (1942) — second phase of failed major Soviet offensive against Rzhev salient
  • Nordlicht [1] ("Northern Lights") (1942) — planned German assault on Leningrad
  • Polkovodets Rumyantsev (1943) — Russian attack on German positions south of the Kursk salient.
  • Punishment (1941) — German bombing of Belgrade during the invasion of Yugoslavia.
  • Saturn (1942) — Proposed major Soviet attack following the Stalingrad enciclement; adapted to become Operation Little Saturn.
  • Sinyavino (1941) & (1942) — separate failed Soviet attempts to relieve Leningrad
  • Sonnenwende ("Winter Solstice") (1945) — German offensive to relieve Pomerania from Russian forces and halt advance on Berlin
  • Spark (1943) — successful Soviet counter-offensive around Leningrad
  • Uranus (1942) — successful Russian encirclement of German 6th Army in Stalingrad.
  • Wintergewitter ("Winter Storm") (1942) — German attempt to relieve encircled 6th Army at Stalingrad.
  • Zitadelle ("Citadel") (1943) — German offensive at Kursk

[edit] Mediterranean Sea

Naval operations and land operations in bordering regions.

[edit] Pacific Ocean

[edit] Resistance Movements

[edit] South and South East Asia

Iran, India, Burma, Malaya and Indo-China, and the Indian Ocean

[edit] Scandinavia

Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden

[edit] Western Front

Western Europe, by year

[edit] 1939

[edit] 1940
  • Ariel (1940) — British and Allied evacuations from French ports between Cherbourg and the Spanish border
  • Ambassador (1940) — British commando raid on Guernsey
  • Attila (1940) — German seizure and occupation of Vichy France, without Italian support
  • Cycle (1940) — British and Allied evacuation from Le Havre
  • Dynamo (1940) — British & Allied evacuation from Dunkirk
  • Fall Gelb ("Case Yellow") (1940) — German offensive against western Europe
  • Granit (Granite) (1940) German paratrooper attack on Fort Eben-Emael
  • Grün [2] ("Green") (1940) — decoy invasion of Ireland in conjunction with Seelöwe
  • Herbstreise ("Autumn Journey") (1940) — decoy invasion of Scotland
  • Marine (1940) — Dropping of naval mines into the Rhine
  • Mondscheinsonate ("Moonlight Sonata") (1940) — German aerial raid on Coventry
  • Seelöwe ("Sea Lion") (1940) — planned German invasion of Britain
    • Adlertag ("Eagle’s Day") — German effort to destroy the RAF prior to invasion, which gave rise to the Battle of Britain
    • Grün [2] ("Green") (1940) — decoy invasion of Ireland in conjunction with Seelöwe
    • Herbstreise ("Autumn Journey") — decoy invasion of Scotland in conjunction with Seelöwe.
    • Wal ("Whale") (1940) — aborted German plan to contact Scottish and Welsh nationalist groups
  • Walfisch ("Whale") (1940) — aborted German plan to land an agent in Ireland

[edit] 1941
  • Artur ("Arthur") (1941) — German plan to support IRA activities
  • Savannah (1941) — Free French attempt to ambush and kill Luftwaffe pathfinder pilots in France
  • Seeadler ("Sea Eagle") or Taube II (1941) — aborted German plan to supply the IRA with funds and a radio transmitter

[edit] 1942
  • Anton (1942) — Nazi-German occupation of Vichy France during World War II: Attila renamed, with Italian support.
  • Basalt (1942) — British raid on Sark
  • Biting (1942) — Commando raid on radar site in France
  • Cerberus (1942) — escape of German capital ships from Brest to home ports in Germany (Channel Dash)
  • Chariot (1942) — British raid on Saint Nazaire
  • Clawhammer (1942) — planned commando raid on a radar site in France
  • Frankton (1942) — commando raid on shipping in Bordeaux, France
  • Jubilee (1942) — unsuccessful large scale British and Canadian raid on Dieppe (northern France) starting on August 19, 1942. Successor to Operation Rutter.
  • Millennium (1942) — British 1000 bomber raid on Cologne.
  • Rutter (1942) — planned British and Canadian raid on Dieppe, northern France, in July 1942. Abandoned due to unfavourable weather conditions and revived as Jubilee.
  • Sledgehammer (1942) — Allied contingency plan for capture of Cherbourg or Brest in 1943 (shelved)

[edit] 1943

[edit] 1944

[edit] 1945

[edit] Diplomatic

[edit] Technology

  • Most III (1944) — transfer of captured V-2 components from occupied Poland to Britain
  • Alsos (1940–1945) — Allied efforts to gather information about German nuclear fission developments
  • Aphrodite (1944) The use of B-17 bombers as radio-controlled missiles.
  • Backfire (1945) — British launches of captured V-2 rockets
  • Beethoven (1941–1945) — German programme to develop composite aircraft (Mistel)
  • Hawkeye (1944) — US Naval radar research
  • Lusty (1945) — US actions to capture German scientific documents, facilities and aircraft
  • Magic — US operation to break Japanese codes
  • Manhattan Project (1941–1945) — American program to build an atomic bomb
  • Prüfstand XII (194?) — German programme to develop submarine launched V-2
  • Paperclip (1945) — part-military, part-scientific operation to scoop up Nazi scientists, engineers, experiments, prototypes, data, etc., after WWII
  • Ultra — Intelligence gained by the British from cracking German Enigma coded messages.

[edit] Special Operations Executive (SOE)

  • Aeneas (1944) — Belgium
  • Arboretum (1944) — Belgium, agents executed, few details of exact mission.
  • Aemilius (1944) — Belgium, 3 August 1944, field name Lucie, Rockfort-Marche region.
  • Agamemnon (1944) — Belgium, January/February 1944, field name Suzanne, Tournai, liaison mission with Cufflinks mission, captured.
  • Agrippa (1944) — Belgium, 5 March 1944, field name Brooch, W/T mission.
  • Aileron (1944) — Italy, brief report only available in the files of an agent sent to Siena in March 1944, purpose unclear.
  • Alarbus (1944) — Belgium, 3 June 1944, field name Locket, Ciney/Marche region.
  • Alcibiades (1944) — Belgium, 5 August 1944, field name Ida, Hal/Nivelle region, provision of instruction in sabotage.
  • Almouth (1944) — Italy, February 1944, plans for blowing up of railway bridge over the Taro; the relevant file provides few clues to outcome.
  • Aloes (1944) — France, 1944, code name for resistance headquarters, Brittany, W/T communications to five departments of Brittany.
  • Alsation (1943) — Belgium 21-22 April 1943, Briquet. Mission members killed on impact. Aimed at encouragement of resistance in industry.
  • Ampthill (1944) — Italy, March 1944, rail sabotage at Pedaso.
  • Antenor (1944) — Belgium, field name Tiepin, Gemblaux.
  • Apemantus (1944) — Belgium, February/March field name Monique, Beauriang region, liaison with resistance groups.
  • Armada (1943) — France, November sabotage of Le Creusot electricity power, also transformer stations and fuel depots.
  • Armadillo (1944) — Belgium, 6 August field name Gavotte, Ardennes region.
  • Artichoke (1942) — Holland, June to destroy VLF stations at Kootwyk, the communications centre for U Boats in North Sea. An agent was to be exfiltrated, but the file provides no further details.
  • Association (1941-1942) — Belgium, infiltration of agent to Belgium through Lisbon; paid off after attempt at usage .
  • Atlow (1944) — Italy, April sabotage against railways in the Siena area, Asciano.
  • Aufidius (1944) — Belgium, 1 April filed name Colette, Ciney Marche, liaison mission with chief of zone IV, for organisation of zone, instruction in arms and explosives.
  • Autogyro (1941) — Belgium, few details in files, mission cancelled after several failures.
  • Baboon (1942) — Belgium, 17 November PID mission to encourage peasant resistance.
  • Badger (1943) — Belgium, February Liege region, reception committees, communication with Secret Army; agent deemed ‘irresponsible’.
  • Balaklava (1941) — Belgium, September-October W/T support to Outcaste at Neufchâteau, discovered by Germans.
  • Balloonet (1944-1945) — Italy , political and military mission to the east Tyrol and VIOLET south-west Carinthia.
  • Balthazar (1942-1944) — Belgium, , field name Louse, aimed at paralysis of river traffic in Hainault region, later expanded to cutting of railway routes and destruction of communications in preparation for D-Day, working to Nelly.
  • Bandon (?) — The files include a report on the HQ in Turin and the liberation of the city.
  • Bandon VII (1945) — Italy, continued political and military liaison mission in Turin. Appears to have had the task of facilitating supplies by safeguarding Rivoli airport.
  • Bassianus (1944) — Belgium, May field name Violette, to work to Nelly, sabotage instruction, including derailment of trains.
  • Bergenfield (1944-1945) — Italy, political and military liaison mission to the TABELLA partisans, Udine area.
  • Bernardo (1944) — Belgium, 4-5 July Brussels region, messenger to chief of Secret Army, field name Nina.
  • Bianca (1944) — Belgium, 28-29 June field name Diane, sabotage instruction.
  • Blundell (1944-1945) — Italy, general name used to denote the various liaison missions to the Italian partisans in the north, .
  • Blundell (1944) — Italy, political and military liaison mission to VIOLET Piacenza partisans, working in La Spezia region. The relevant files contain reports by leaders Captain T D Gregg and Major Lett.
  • Borzoi (1943) — Belgium, 20 December 1942, Brussels and Tournai, to extend Flemish clandestine press, reception committees; agents escapes to Geneva, March .
  • Boykin (1945) — Italy, plan for kidnapping of suspected double agents who were thought to be compromising the north Italian resistance. Although successful when carried out in February: interrogation of the agents later suggested that the suspicions were unfounded.
  • Brabantio (1944) — Belgium, July or August filed name Odette, principal delegate to occupied territory for organisation of sabotage.
  • Braddock I (1944) — Germany, dropping of incendiary devices by air for possible use by prisoners of war in an uprising.
  • Broadbean (1943) — Holland, February to collect mail from resistance groups in northern Holland and arrange transportation.
  • Buckhound (1943) — Belgium, W/T support, Military Zone IV, Brussels.
  • Bullfrog (1943) — Belgium, May contacts with Secret Army and organisation of GOFER reception committees.
  • Caius (1944) — Belgium, August field name Stephanie, sabotage instruction to Huguette, Brussels and Liege region, captured, escaped.
  • Calf (1943) — Belgium, January aimed at the creation of links to secret army, Hainault, but a possible security breach.
  • Calpurnia (1944) — Belgium, July-August field name Courante, W/T support to Huguette group, Hainault region.
  • Calvados (1943) — Germany, attempt to start a sabotage organisation in Hamburg and Bremen, using a German deserter, Kurt Koenig.
  • Canidus (1944) — Belgium, June W/T to Delphine mission.
  • Canticle (1942) — Belgium, March with Duncan, Mastiff, Incomparable; courier, and W/T support arrested; later agents reported to have been beheaded.
  • Caphis (1944) — Belgium, January field name Herminie, probably a stage mission, captured.
  • Carical (1942-44) — Belgium, PID mission, based in Liege, Charleroi, Brussels, to destroy records of the Office National de Travail to undermine the use of skilled labour by the German occupiers.
  • Casement (1944) — A deception plan aimed at creating the belief that Germans were fleeing to Éire or Argentina to form a free German government. Suggested by the Spanish section during it did not go ahead through the lack of evidence of the Spanish escape connection considered necessary for its success.
  • Cato (1944) — Belgium, July field name Celeste, to provide a messenger link for communications from the Minister of Finance.
  • Cawdor (1944) — Belgium, February-March field name Roland, accompanied by Necklace, to provide a courier service.
  • Cayote (1942) — Belgium, (?) May for organisation of motor sabotage, Brussels, accompanied by W/T mission Duncan.
  • Celeste (1944) — Belgium, July carrying messages from the Belgian Minister of Finance.
  • Cherokee (1944-45) — Italy, political and military liaison mission to partisans in ANTI-SCORCH northern Piedmont.
  • Chicken (1941) — Belgium, August field name Tante Caro, creation of organisation based on passive resistance and sabotage in the Antwerp area.
  • Chiron (1944) — Belgium, April field name Sash, W/T mission; arrested.
  • Cimber (1944) — Belgium, August field name Yvonne, transmission of microfilmed messages.
  • Cisco (1945) — Italy, political and military liaison mission, Modena-Reggio, aiming to create a secure base on the northern Apennine mountains.
  • Citronelle (1944) — France, to assess Maquis Strength, Ardennes region.
  • Civet (1942-44) — Belgium, also known as mission Stanley, report on strength of secret armies at request of Pierlot.
  • Claribel (1941) — Belgium, March preparations for possible use of Belgium by enemy forces as a springboard for the invasion of Britain.
  • Claudius (1943) — Belgium, July to contact resistance groups - FIL, MNB, Group G, and offer financial support.
  • Clowder (1943-45) — Austria, establishment of an advance post to make contacts in central and eastern Europe, exploiting resistance movements, and looking especially to work in Austria and Germany.
  • Coal/Turtle (1943) — Belgium, January abortive mission to steal German fighter aircraft, Brussels.
  • Codford (?) — Name for all operations designed to prevent enemy states from seizing assets of neutral foreign countries.
  • Colan (1945) — Germany, sabotage of railway between Stuttgart and Heilbronn, reports of success by agents.
  • Collie (1942) — Belgium, March mission for SOE and Belgian Surété, to contact resistance, organise reception committees; exfiltration of leader of Legion Belge, but caused a subsequent quarrel between SOE and the Belgian government in exile over interrogation of leader of Legion Belge.
  • Collossus (1941) — Italy, February Landing of sabotage of bridges.
  • Cominius (1944) — Belgium, March-April field name Mitten, Huy, Ardennes region, W/T mission.
  • Conjugal (1941) — Belgium, September to organise sabotage and contacts, but captured.
  • Coolant (1944-45) — Italy, political and military liaison mission to the partisans COOLANT BLUE north east of Udine.
  • Cordelet (1943-44) — Belgium, mission to social and democratic trade unionists, to encourage resistance, and organise a go-slow of Belgian workers in Germany.
  • Coriolanus (1944) — Belgium, April-May field name Handbag, W/T mission.
  • Corona (1944) (1944-45) — Italy, political and military liaison mission, Piedmont.
  • Crowd (1945) — Austria, 16 March investigation of general conditions of the underground socialist movement in the Sudetenland; fate unknown but thought to have been captured.
  • Curling (1944) — Holland, W/T mission to chief operator.
  • Danbury (1945) — Austria, 13 August sabotage of enemy lines of communication in Drau valley, based at Klagenfurt; eventually returned to Bari.
  • Daranus (1944) — Belgium, April field name Agnes, investigation of Tybalt/ Claudius mission, information gathering on the efficiency of various groups, re-evaluation of sabotage missions.
  • Defiance (1942-43) — Spain, attempt to build up ‘traditionalist’, probably Catalan, support in the Barcelona area.
  • Denver (1944) — Austria, 8 May contact with resistance groups in Sudetenland and establishment of communications. All agents lost through betrayal.
  • Dicing (1945) — Holland, (?) April Jedburgh team to represent special forces and act as liaison between resistance and paratroops in the Assen, Meffel and Coevorden area.
  • Dingo(1943) (1943-44) — Belgium, PID mission, to stimulate slow down in production in the industrial areas of Charleroi, possible security breaches by agent.
  • Dolabella (1944) — Belgium, July/August field name Ursule, work in organising reception committees with Simone.
  • Donaldbain (1944) — Belgium, August field name Foxtrot, W/T mission accompanying Odette mission.
  • Donum (1944-45) — Italy, political and military liaison mission in east Piedmont.
  • Downend (1944) — Germany, agent sent to create a sabotage organisation in the Ruhr and Frankfurt area, based on a nucleus of contacts with the ISK.
  • Draughts (1945) — Holland, January W/T mission, north Holland.
  • Backgammon/Draughts (1944) — Holland organising mission, .
  • Bezique/Dressmaker (1943) — France, sabotage of tanneries at Graulhet (Pau-Toulouse) and Mazamet (Carcassonne); unsuccessful.
  • Drybrook (1945) — Austria, 13 August establishment of W/T links in east Tyrol; dropped in error to Germany and returned to UK.
  • Duncan (1942) — Belgium, October attempted infiltration of agent to Belgium via Portugal through a staged desertion; contact eventually lost.
  • Duncery (1945) — Austria, 24 April preservation of Zeltweg Aerodrome for the Allies, in the event unnecessary through work of local anti-Nazi groups.
  • Duval (1945) — Austria, 16 February to contact underground organisation in Salzburg and assist in sabotage; party captured.
  • Ebensburg (1945) — Austria, 8 February organisation of local sabotage with Maquis; capture of Bad Aussee four days before US arrival.
  • Echalotte (1944) — France, wireless bases in Moselle and Vosges area to augment existing radio circuits and to provide information to London from rear of German line.
  • Electra (1945) — Austria, 23 March to contact the underground socialist movement, Vienna; W/T contact never established.
  • Emelia (1944) — Belgium, August Mrs Olga Jackson, field name Babette, independent propaganda mission for undermining of morale in Brussels, Ghent, Liege, Antwerp, Charleroi; organisation of prostitution circuit aimed at German officers.
  • Enorbarbus (1944) — Belgium, field name Polka, W/T support to Constantine mission.
  • Envelope (1945) — Italy Reggio Emilia region, political and military liaison BLUE (TOFFEE) mission.
  • Eros (1944) — Belgium, August field name Reel, W/T support.
  • Eucalyptus (1944) — France, derived from Union, liaison mission, Vercors.
  • Euphronius (1944) — Belgium, May field name Arlette, sabotage instruction to Nelly in field, region Bierene.
  • Evansville (1945) — Austria, 7 February support to movement in Graz, and arrangement for agents in Italy; believed killed and underground organisation crushed.
  • Evaporate (1945) — taly, political and military liaison mission to Modena.
  • Falaise (1941) — Tangier, -42, destruction of an enemy wireless station used for providing locations of Allied submarines in the Straits.
  • Ferret (1942) — Belgium, plan to evacuate seven agents from Belgium, including Arboretum, presumed captured by Germans.
  • Ferret(1944) — Italy, June to land three A Force agents north of Bonassola on the Ligurian coast and attempt a meeting with an existing Ferret party.
  • Ferrula (1944) — Italy, -45, Val d’Aosta, political and military liaison mission.
  • Flaminius (1944) — Belgium, October 1943, field name Jacqueline, arrested mid-
  • Flap/Fin (1944) — Italy, 1945, political and military liaison mission to southern Piedmont, dispatched August. Also appears to be known as Temple mission.
  • Flavius (1943) — Belgium, -44, field name Bib Red, W/T mission.
  • Fleckney (1944) — Germany, -45, establishment of an organiser for sabotage in Breslau region.
  • Floodlight (1944) — Italy, -45, political and military liaison mission consisting of Major W O Churchill, to act as British Liaison Officer to General Cadorna at the request of the CLNAI in northern Italy.
  • Fordwick (1944) — Germany, establishment of a line for agents and information between Germany and Denmark.
  • Fortinbras (1943) — Belgium, field name Bracelet, little detail of mission provided in relevant files.
  • Foxley (1944-45) — Germany, plan to assassinate Hitler pressed by SOE and supported by Duff Cooper. A full implementation and intelligence report was drawn up but was not taken forward - Hitler’s military strategy and decisions favoured the Allies and there was no desire to create a martyr cult. However, plans to deal was Hitler’s subordinates, including Goebbels, found favour but were not implemented (Operation Little Foxleys).
  • Frilford (1944) — Germany, -45, to sabotage railway track from Hintshingen to Oberlauchringen; reports from agents on success.
  • Gambling (1945) — Holland, Jedburgh team to Veluwe region.
  • Gela Blue (1944) — Italy, -45, political and military liaison mission to partisans in Vittorio Veneto.
  • Genesse (1945) — Italy, military and political liaison mission to Oltre-Po, Pavese and partisans of Ligurian zone.
  • Gibbon (1942) (1942) — Belgium, -44, PWE mission, organisation of carrier pigeon communication systems.
  • Glamis (1944) — Belgium, April field name Josephine, Huy, Andenne region, adjunct to Hotton sabotage group.
  • Gratiano (1944) — Belgium, January, field name Ping Pong, W/T operator for Samoyede II, based Brussels.
  • Greenleaves (1945) — Austria, 2 April group based at Klagenfurt; dropped successfully but documents and photos captured; evacuated to Bari.
  • Greyhound (1942) — Belgium, -45, organisation of escape routes through France to Spain (also known as WOODCHUCK and ANTOINE).
  • Griffon (1943) — Belgium, February field name Genon, sent in with W/T mission Badger to Huy region; 2ième Bureau agent sent to liaise with secret armies, eventually captured and sent to Dachau.
  • Guineapig (1943) — Belgium, October field name Wig, with Flaminius, arrested.
  • Gypsy (1942) — Belgium, September 1941, to organise reception committees, VERMILLION courier routes, arrested (?) May .
  • Hail (1944) — Italy, date uncertain. Few papers are provided on this file, but the mission appears to have been led by Petrucci, shot by the SS in March .
  • Hamster (1945) — Austria, 21 April arming of small resistance groups for attacks on road and rail transport; reported working in Klagenfurt.
  • Hangman (1942) — France, sabotage of pylons; training for the operation took place, but no indications are available from the file that the operation took place.
  • Hapale (1945) — Italy, political and military liaison mission to the partisans, southern Piedmont; signals investigation mission.
  • Hapeville (1945) — Italy probably little detail on the file, but likely to have been a liaison mission to the partisans at Bergamasco.
  • Haras (1945) — Austria, 30 July to join Communist underground in Innsbruck, establish radio links. Unsuccessful, W/T not dropped and agent attacked.
  • Harrisburg (1945) — Italy, political and military liaison mission to partisans
  • Hecate (1944) — Belgium, (?) mid-, W/T mission to Huguette group, based in Brussels.
  • Hector (WWII) (?) — Belgium, Hector 2 captured. Otherwise little detail available in the file.
  • Helenus (1944) — Belgium, August field name Jeannine, Brussels, sabotage instructor for Nola.
  • Herring (1945) Kingdom of Italy — Italy, April 1944 raid by Italian paratroops on German supply lines.
  • Herrington (1945) — Italy, political and military liaison mission, northern Lombardy, to the partisans of Bergamasco.
  • Hillcat (1943) — Belgium, August sent with Tybalt, W/T missioni to Hector group.
  • Hireling (1941) — Belgium, September arrested shortly after landing, escape, investigation by MI5.
  • Historian (1945) — Austria, 24 April attack against communication lines in Klagenfurt.
  • Hollowshoes (1942) — Spain, -45, building up of a network by Emilio Varas Canal. The group took its name from the latter’s girlfriend who proved her ability to create hollow heeled footwear.
  • Homestead (1945) — Italy, political and military liaison mission, northern Lombardy.
  • Horatio (1944) — Belgium, January 1944, field name Glove, Brussels, W/T mission for Hector II and Nelly, arrested May .
  • Hortensius (1944) — Belgium, January 1944, field name Valentine, sabotage of waterways, Wanneberg and Brussels region, arrested in April.
  • Housekeeper (1943) — France, sabotage of canal lock at Lesdains.
  • Iachimo (1944) — Belgium, field name Noemie, to contact resistance groups of MNB. No clue in files as to success.
  • Iago (1944) — Belgium, January field name Scipio, provision of counter scorch organisation in Antwerp; investigation of security of Hector organisation under recent arrests.
  • Imogen (1944) — Belgium, July/August field name Alice, courier for Odette, successful mission.
  • Incisor (1945) — Italy, political and military liaison mission to the Val d’Aosta area.
  • Incomparable (1942) — Belgium, March PID propaganda mission, to contact and obtain influence in sabotage organisation; no clue in these files as to its fate.
  • Indelible (1945) — Italy, military and political liaison mission to partisans in the COTULLA Savona province
  • Independence (1941) — Belgium, April via Gibraltar; to contact any existing organisations and assess progress, advise on needs. No clue as to outcome.
  • Insulin (1945) — Italy, March political and military liaison mission, Piacentina area.
  • Intersection (1942) — Belgium, January captured shortly afterwards, investigation on use by Germans and possible arrest of other agents.
  • Izarra (?) — Italy, proposed exfiltration of General Gustvo Pesenti.
  • Jerboa (1943) — Belgium, April Ghent, Sûreté mission, to limit industrial production, some sabotage of waterways.
  • Junius (1944) — Belgium, May/June field name Parasol, W/T mission, possibly arrested.
  • Koala (1942) — Belgium, June to stimulate a go-slow action to Beeringen coal mines to reduce output, also to prepare sabotage on railways and the Albert Canal.
  • Kuyper (1944) — Holland, October Lieutenant Dubois of Dutch army sent to organise reception committee and locate evading service personnel. Captured.
  • Labrador (1943) — Belgium, January 2ieme mission, to organise reception committees; later doubts as to security.
  • Lacquer (1941) — Belgium, September sent to liaise with Conjugal organisation.
  • Lamb (1942) — Belgium, April/May W/T mission, to the secret army.
  • Lavinia (1944) — Belgium, March/April field name Victorine, organisation mission, sabotage against river traffic and locks.
  • Lear (1943) — Belgium, August to assist Stanley mission in cooperation with the secret army.
  • Lemur (1942) — Belgium, November British officer sent to try to resolveccurrent impasse, to organise reception committees, Ghent region.
  • Lepidus (1944) — Belgium, May field name Waltz, W/T mission with Huguette, eventually captured.
  • Leyton (1944) — Italy, July to block enemy transport and communications on the coast road, Fano to Pesaro.
  • Ligarius (1944) — Belgium, June 1944, field name Margot, liaison with Delphine, sabotage training; arrested July .
  • Lodovico (1944) — Belgium, May Namur region, field name Rosalie, sabotage instruction mission.
  • Lucullus (1944) — Belgium, January field name Gauntlet, Nivelles, W/T mission.
  • Luculluss (1944) — Belgium, March field name Jeanette, shot down.
  • Lynx (1942) — Belgium, June Neufchatel area, W/T mission.
  • M 6 (1944-45) — Italy, political and military liaison mission in Biella area.
  • M 11 (1945) — Italy, political and military liaison mission, Asti and Piedmont (existed under different leadership before this date).
  • M 12/Tiber (1945) — Italy, political and military liaison mission; a sparse file suggests activity in Liguria and Genoa.
  • Macduff (1943) — Belgium, May with Ibex and Seal, to find reception committees for Civer, to act as an adjunct to mission Stanley.
  • Majordomo (1942) — Belgium, January with Mandamus, reports on arrests, including Laquer agents.
  • Mallaby/Neck (1945) — Italy, 1943 with a second mission the first W/T mission dropped by parachute to Lake Como, but was captured on landing. The agent, Richard Mallaby, also known as Olaf and Richard Tucker, provided a W/T link during the final surrender of the Axis forces in Italy after being captured during his second mission.
  • Man Friday (1942) — Belgium, January contact existing secret organisations, collect political and propaganda information.
  • Mandamus (1942) — Belgium, January to organise sabotage, passive resistance, arms dumps, possibly crashed after take-off.
  • Mandrill (1943) — Belgium, PID mission to contact Cordier mission for the demoralisation of German support, reception of propaganda, Liège, Brussels, Ghent.
  • Manelaus (1943) — Belgium, October liaison mission to chief of zone 1, field name Berthe.
  • Marcius (1943) — Belgium, February/March field name Necklace, W/T support to chief Osric; presumed arrested.
  • Mardian (1944) — Belgium, July field name Mathilde, to work with Celeste.
  • Market (1944) — Holland, September liaison missions for Arnhem operations, EDWARD, provision of W/T contacts with England during airborne operation CLAUDE, Operation Market Garden. The four Jedburgh teams were Edward, Claude, CLARENCE and Clarence and Daniel.
  • Daniel/Marmoset (1942) — Belgium, January sabotage organisation for Periwig.
  • Marmot (1942) — Belgium, September support to existing sabotage movement in Mons, Scheldt region.
  • Mastiff (1942) — Belgium, March W/T mission with Incomparable; no reports received.
  • Menas (1944) — Belgium, August field name Eugénie, to contact Samoyède II and Stentor organisation.
  • Mencrates (1944) — Belgium, April/May field name Hortense, sabotage mission to Nelly.
  • Menenius (1944) — Belgium, August field name Simone, organisation of reception committees; arrives too late to fulfil mission.
  • Messala (1944) — Belgium, June to regain direction in field of railway dislocation, replace Nelly and organise sabotage structure, field name Huguette.
  • Mink (1942) — Belgium, chief steward in Belgian merchant navy, escaping to form sabotage organisation in Anvers region and await W/T.
  • Mongoose (1942) — Belgium, June to contact secret armies, arrange reception committees; established but no reports received.
  • Montano (1944) — Belgium, March reports on group G activities, investigation of Yapok, Fabius and Hector II missions, creation of PWE structure and sabotage central Brussels.
  • Moselle (1943-45) — Italy, wireless operation, agent captured in Sardinia and AVOCAT possibly played back against SOE.
  • Mouse (1942) — Belgium, March drops unoccupied France, arrested shortly after landing.
  • Mule (1942) — Belgium, April/May Free French recruit, to organise transport and sabotage in Antwerp.
  • Musjid (1941) — Belgium, September/October contact organisations in east and west Flanders, creation of reception and sabotage organisations, organiser Aboretum, to be dispatched.
  • Newsagent (1943) — Belgium, May with W/T operator Vampire, to organise reception committees and sabotage groups in Antwerp and Limburg.
  • Nicanor (1943) — Belgium, January /February field name Therese, support to chief Belgian organisers.
  • Opinion (1941) — Belgium (?) , mission to cultivate contacts in ecclesiastical circles, including the king’s entourage.
  • Othello (1943) — Belgium, June mission to organise agricultural resistance, develop clandestine press and the encouragement of the sale of produce direct to the population, thus undermining occupation controls.
  • Outcast (1941) — Belgium, September/October to work also into Luxembourg to contact existing groups or set up new ones, plan sabotage of power stations, industrial targets.
  • Outhaul (1941) — Belgium, set for June did not take place, little information as to purpose in available file.
  • Pandarus (1944) — Belgium, March, field name Cufflinks; to supply 90,000 dollars to secret army and aid building up to wireless network.
  • Panicle (1941) — Portugal, planning for delay of any enemy advance into Portugal.
  • Patroclus (1944) — Belgium, April/May 1944, with Velutus and Publius, field name Bracelet, works to Osric, Brussels, but arrested June .
  • Patron (1944) — Belgium, 1944, proposed exfiltration of Prince Charles of Belgium, brother of the King; no progress by August .
  • Periwig (1941) — Belgium, (?) sabotage mission, captured by Gestapo (few details in the file).
  • Periwig (1944-45) — Spain, a plan for the planting of evidence on captured Germans (who would presumably be allowed to escape) which would lead to the belief that the real German underground resistance movement was being organised from Britain. There is no evidence in the file to suggest that it went ahead.
  • Philotus (1943) — Belgium, August establishment of organisation for reception and distribution of propaganda, attacks against pro-Fascists, and obstruction of work of collaborators.
  • Phrynia (1944) — Belgium, August field name Liliane, to Osric, communications, information and reconnaissance for the chief of the area.
  • Pilchard (?) — France, sabotage of Matisse works, Versailles, and BREWER Radio Paris at Allouis.
  • Platypus (1942) — Belgium, August with Man Friday, mission with Belgian Surété and PWE to influence Belgian industry towards go-slow tactics, collection of economic data; status of mission questioned by ‘C’.
  • Pointer (1943) — Belgium, July with Claudius, later W/T to Claudius, contact with escape organisations; but questions over contact with German agents.
  • Polonius (1944) — Belgium, January field name Belt, to Tybalt, north of Nivelles.
  • Pompey (?) — Spanish section plan for deception to suggest that the Allies intended to attack southern France or Greek islands.
  • Pool (1944) — Italy, May. Pool I was a landing on Elba near Capo San Andrea, with Pool II being the exfiltration of agents from the same place.
  • Potato (1944) — Italy, sabotage of the railway line from Siena to Empoli and subsidiary roads, June to July .
  • Priam (1944) — Belgium, May/June field name Hubertine, sabotage instruction mission.
  • Publius (1944) — Belgium, April/May field name Muff, W/T mission to Colette
  • Pyx (1945) — Austria, 13 June Klagenfurt to Vienna; for creation of safe houses, contact with the resistance locally, sabotage organisation; delay imposed by partisans and capture of information; eventually return of the party to Bari.
  • Rankin (?) — Codeword for planning of operation in the event of German withdrawal from occupied countries.
  • Rat/Goat (1943) — Belgium, April organisation of courier line for escapees and mail.
  • Regan (1944) — Belgium, February field name Lining, W/T mission to Scipio.
  • Relator (1941-43) — Spain, name given to the training of a party of area commanders to be used in Spain; also appear to be known as "Ali Baba and the 20 thieves". Their purpose was to delay the enemy in any advance into Spain.
  • Reproach (1941-43) — Spain, general name for attempts to build up support among Spanish ‘traditionalists’ in the event of an invasion of Spain, in the Navarre area.
  • Reynaldo (1944) — Belgium, August field name Gabrielle, to contact chief of the secret army.
  • Rhombold (1941) — Belgium, October Chevron area, W/T and sabotage.
  • Ricco (1944-45) — Italy, political and military mission to partisans; road party in the La Spezia area.
  • Roderigo (1944) — Belgium, May field name Paulette, sabotage instruction to Nelly organisation, Lessines region.
  • Rosencrantz (1944) — Belgium, September W/T mission, overtaken by Allied advance.
  • Rudder (?) — Italy, codename for telegrams received from Rome through a code specially infiltrated immediately after the armistice.
  • Ruina (1944-45) — Italy, political and military liaison mission to partisans, west Veneto. The file contains a detailed sabotage diary.
  • Rummy (1944) — Holland, to contact underground movements and report on security aspects after recent German successes against the circuits.
  • Sable (1942) — Belgium, April/May east of Blois, to establish sabotage group near Antwerp, part of mission known as ‘the Toughs’, to disorganise transport, railways, communications.
  • Sainfoin (1944) — France, September Pantarlier region, working behind enemy lines in advance of Allies.
  • Saki (1944-45) — Italy, political and military liaison mission Liguria region.
  • Samoyede (1943) — Belgium, May PID mission, for pre- and post- liberation work, jamming of German wireless installations, aim of helping Allies from D-Day in use of press, cinema and radio.
  • Savanna (1941) — and France, sabotage of Vannes aerodrome, and transformer JOSEPHINE B substation at Pessac.
  • Scullion (1943) — France, 18 April independent French mission to sabotage Les Telots shale oil refinery.
  • Seafront (1945) — Austria, 12 October establishment of safe route to Salzburg and encouragement of resistance in Salzburg; dropped to Germany by mistake.
  • Sempronius (1944) — Belgium, February/March field name Ernestine, assistance to chief of sabotage, organisation of reception of material, using business cover; no reports received from mission in surviving file.
  • Siamang (?) — Val Maria area, helping to coordinate anti-scorch measures to protect hydroelectric plants in the region.
  • Silkmerchant (1941) — Belgium, May organisation of passive resistance through liberal and social parties, eventually leading to sabotage.
  • Sling (1944) — France, attack on Paris electricity supplies by systematic destruction of pylons on three main lines; successful.
  • Socrates (1943-44) — Belgium, to organise financial aid to resistance organisations.
  • Sophie (1943) — France, June dispatch of assistant to De Gaulle’s commissaire for France.
  • Temple (1945) — Austria, 13 August establishment of contacts in frontier area; fate unknown.
  • Terrier (1942) — Belgium, March Rochefort area, W/T mission suspicions of possible use of W/T sets by the enemy.
  • Tiddleywinks (1944) — Holland, August to re-establish propaganda links, send messages to the underground press on behalf of the Queen; agent injured on landing.
  • Turdus (1944) — Italy, Lunese area, political and military liaison mission to partisans.
  • Tybalt (1942-44) — Belgium, organisational mission to contact resistance CLAUDIUS groups, secret armies and FIL, the largest sub group in Belgium, and bring these within SOE coordination.
  • Typical (1943) — The 22 May airdrop of a British delegation to Tito's headquarters.
  • Union (1944) (1944) — France, January to investigate Maquis strength, Savone region.
  • Varro (1944) — Belgium, field name Delphine, mission to investigate arrests in Tybalt organisation.
  • Vergillia (1944) — Belgium, February field name Nelly, chief sabotage organisation working to chief of staff, SOE and Belgian Sûreté, with the aim of dislocating rail and road transportation on D-Day.
  • Vivacious (1944-45) — Germany, agent (2nd Lieutenant Baker Byrne) sent to sabotage the Bruno Hintze precision engineering works in Berlin, active in the production of V2 rocket components. Not successful, but agent managed to return to Britain.
  • Warden (1941) — Spain, plan for the sabotage of eight enemy ships in Las Palmas harbour; no evidence that this was carried out.
  • Yapok (1944) — Belgium, February with Montano and Volumnia missions, field name Shoelace; arrested and escaped.

[edit] Miscellaneous and Unclassified

  • 25 (1941) — Axis invasion of Yugoslavia
    • Strafe ("Punishment") (1941) — The 4-day bombing of Belgrade by the German Luftwaffe as part of Operation 25
  • Bernhard (194?) — German plan to destroy British economy using forged British banknotes
  • Catapult (1940) — Royal Navy actions to seize, disable or destroy the French fleet after France's surrender.
  • Cornflakes (1945) — American clandestine insertion of propaganda into the German mail system
  • Eiche ("Oak") (1943) — German rescue from custody of Benito Mussolini
  • Fall Grün ("Case Green") (1938) — the German invasion of Czechoslovakia
  • Fall Weiss ("Case White") (1939) — German invasion of Poland
  • Foxley (1944) — a plan to kill Adolf Hitler that was never carried out
  • Frantic (1943) — The use of Soviet airfields by western Allied bombers.
  • Gaff (1944) — attempt to kill Erwin Rommel
  • Grün [1] ("Green") (1938) — the Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia
  • Grün ("Green") (1940) — proposed Nazi invasion of Ireland
  • Hummer (Lobster) (1940) — insertion of German agents into Britain
    • Hummer I (Lobster I) (1940) — insertion of 3 German agents into Ireland
  • Magpie (1944) — landings of German agents on the US east coast
  • Magic Carpet (1945–1946) — American post-war operation to transport US military personnel home
  • Manna (1945) — Allied air drops of food to famine-ravaged Netherlands, with German cooperation
  • Pastorious (1942) — separate landings of German agents on the US east coast
  • Peking (1939) — removal of Polish warships to Britain, in advance of German invasion
  • Pied Piper (1939) — evacuation of children from British cities
  • Regenbogen ("Rainbow") (1945) — rescinded order to scuttle Kriegsmarine
  • Reinhard (1943) — German actions against Polish Jews in the "General Government"
  • Tabarin (1943) — British Antarctic expedition
  • Tannenbaum ("Christmas Tree") — The planned German invasion of Switzerland.
  • Tannenberg (1939) — German actions to exterminate influential and leading Poles
  • Taube ("Pigeon") (1943) — Nazi cooperation with the IRA to ferment discord in Britain and persuade the Irish government to attack Northern Ireland
  • Valkyrie (1944) — bomb plot to kill Hitler
  • Venona (1943) — US efforts to break Soviet diplomatic codes
  • W or Plan W (1940-42) — Anglo-Irish military plan in the event of a German invasion of Ireland
  • Worek ("Sack") (1939) — Polish naval defence of the Polish coast

[edit] See also

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