List of Texas hurricanes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of hurricanes that have affected the state of Texas in the United States since the 1500s.

Contents 1 Pre-1810 2 1810s 3 1820s 4 1830s 5 1840s 6 1850s 7 1860s 8 1870s 9 1880s 10 1890s 11 1900–1909 12 1910s 13 1920s 14 1930s 15 1940s 16 1950s 17 1960s 18 1970s 19 1980s 20 1990s 21 2000s 22 Statistics 22.1 Highest storms per season 22.2 Strongest storms to hit Texas 22.3 Strongest storms at landfall in Texas 22.4 Most destructive hurricanes to hit Texas 22.5 Deadliest hurricanes to hit Texas 22.6 Top Rainfall Accumulation Totals 22.7 Amount of storms per decade 23 See also 24 References

[edit] Pre-1810

November 1527: a hurricane the upper Texas coast, killing 200 people and destroying a merchant fleet on Galveston Island. This is the earliest known hurricane on record to hit Texas, and to this day remains one of only two hurricanes to strike Texas during November (the other occurring in 1839). ^{[citation needed]}

1553: a hurricane struck a fleet of 20 ships of the New Spain Flota, loaded with silver and gold along the Texan coast. The three heaviest vessels sunk early in the storm. Most of the others were either scattered widely across the Western Gulf of Mexico, grounded, or capsized just offshore Padre Island. Only 300 of the original 2000 crew made it ashore on the four remaining ships. 1554: a hurricane caused the loss of three ships off the coast of southern Texas.^{[citation needed]}

September 4, 1766: a hurricane hit Galveston with a storm surge of seven feet. A mission on the lower Trinity River was destroyed, and a five-galleon fleet carrying treasure en-route from Veracruz to Havana was driven ashore. ^{[citation needed]}

1791: a hurricane struck the lower Texas coast, flooding Padre Island and the nearby mainland. A herd of 50,000 cattle belonging to a Spanish cattle baron drowned in the storm surge.^{[1] [2]}

[edit] 1810s

In 1818, a hurricane hit Galveston, Texas on September 12 and continued onward to Mississippi. The hurricane was "quite severe", destroying all but six houses on Galveston Island.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] 1820s

In 1829, a hurricane hit the mouth of the Rio Grande. Port Isabel and Brazos Santiago saw great destruction, while other towns had higher than normal tides.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] 1830s

In 1831, a hurricane hit near the mouth of the Rio Grande, causing heavy rain over Texas and Mexico.^{[citation needed]}

In 1834, a hurricane hit south Texas, causing heavy damage.^{[citation needed]}

In 1835, a hurricane hit near the mouth of the Rio Grande on August 18. There, it destroyed small villages, caused strong storm surge, and killed 18 people.^{[citation needed]}

In 1837, The 10th known tropical storm in the 1837 season, nicknamed Racer's Storm, was first observed in the Western Caribbean during late September. It moved across the Yucatán Peninsula and the western Gulf of Mexico, where it hit Brownsville, Texas on October 2.^{[citation needed]}

In 1838, a hurricane made landfall along Lower Texas Coast; caused high tides. Settlements at the Mouth of the Rio Grande again suffered losses.^{[citation needed]}

In 1839, a late season hurricane hit Galveston, Texas on November 5.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] 1840s

In 1840, hurricane hit near the mouth of the Rio Grande, destroying villages and causing flooding.

In September 1842, a strong tropical storm hit Galveston. They were on the west side of the system, as waters invaded the Island from the Bay to the north. About 4 feet of water swept over the island destroying smaller buildings and houses. Forty cattle were crushed under a house that was blown down. Damages totaled $10,000.

In October 1842, A storm brushed by Galveston, flooding the town. The schooner Dream foundered between Galveston and New Orleans. All aboard the ill-fated craft were rescued. The village of Brazos Santiago had been established by the Mexican government as a customs point for many years prior. An army garrison had been established there after Texas gained independence. The village site was just a few feet above sea level on Brazos Island and was extremely vulnerable to coastal flooding.

In 1843, a strong tropical storm hit Galveston, Texas on September 17. It caused $10,000 in damage, and killed 40 cattle. Later that year, a hurricane passed by Galveston on October 5, causing flooding and the sinking of one ship. It caused $500,000 in damage before moving out to sea on the 10th. The storm is known as the Gulf to Bermuda Hurricane.

In 1844, a major hurricane moving through the Gulf of Mexico hit the Rio Grande valley on August 4. It slowly moved through the area, causing 70 deaths.

In October of 1848, a minimal hurricane hit the southeast coast of Texas, causing flooding and high tides.

[edit] 1850s

The first storm of the 1851 season made landfall near Corpus Christi. ^{[citation needed]}

The first storm of the 1854 season made landfall in Texas, while the fourth storm of the season, another hurricane, moved inland near Galveston, Texas, causing 2 deaths from nearly 6 inches of rainfall, as well as $20,000 in damage. ^{[citation needed]}

The fourth storm of the 1857 season made landfall near Brownsville. ^{[citation needed]}

[edit] 1860s

The final storm of 1863 paralleled the Texas coastline.^{[citation needed]}

The second storm of 1865 made landfall in Texas near Brownsville the day it formed. ^{[citation needed]}

The fourth storm of 1865 made landfall in the Texas/Louisiana border.^{[citation needed]}

The first hurricane of the 1866 season made landfall in Texas on July 15th. ^{[citation needed]}

The seventh storm of 1867 paralleled the Texas coastline. ^{[citation needed]}

The second storm of 1869 was a Category 2 hurricane moved across the Gulf of Mexico, hitting the lower Texas coast on August 17. Most of the damage that occurred came from storm surge. ^{[citation needed]}

[edit] 1870s

Two June tropical storms in 1871 began the hurricane season by hitting Texas on June 2 and June 9. The two caused light damage and one death. ^{[citation needed]}

From September 30th-October 2nd, 1871, The third hurricane affect Texas that season moved just offshore the length of the coast. A ship named the S.S.. Hall sunk during the storm; all hands were lost. On Mustang Island, it was the severest gale in 16 years. Tides at Indianola were the highest since 1844; most of the town flooded. The jail at Lavaca was washed away. Many people died in the tempest.^{[citation needed]}

The first and fourth storms of the 1874 season made landfall in Texas. ^{[citation needed]}

The third storm of 1875 hit Indianola, Texas at that intensity on the 16th . It turned northeastward, dissipating over Mississippi. The storm brought strong storm surge to the Texas coast, causing heavy damage and a total of 800 deaths. The storm was the first of two hurricanes to devastate Indianola, the other being the Indianola Hurricane of 1886. ^[3]

From September 15-17th, 1877: Hurricane affected the entire Texas coast. In Galveston, winds were noted out of the east during the night of the 15th. By the 17th, tides had increased to 5.2 feet above mean low water. Winds increased to 60 mph at that time. High tides, though, were the main villain. A "fresh gale" at Mustang Island destroyed their wharf.^{[citation needed]}

The third storm of 1879 hit the northeast Texas coast on the 23rd. Damage was heavy, but there were no reported deaths. ^[4]

[edit] 1880s

The second storm of 1880 made landfall near Brownsville, Texas on the 13th , and dissipated rapidly over land on the 14th. It caused 30 deaths near the Yucatán Peninsula, and 5 deaths in Texas. ^{[citation needed]}

The second storm of the 1881 season was a tropical storm hit Corpus Christi, Texas in the middle of August, but caused no reported deaths. Signals were blown down at the harbor, and one boat was lost. ^[5]

The third storm of the 1882 season was a Category 2 hurricane was first observed in the Gulf of Mexico on September 14. Its prior track is unknown, but it moved to the west-northwest, and hit near the Texas/Louisiana border on the 15th. The storm brought a 3 foot storm surge, caused moderate damage, and killed one person. ^[6]

The first hurricane of 1886 made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border. ^{[citation needed]}

August 20, 1886: the Indianola Hurricane made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane. It destroyed the town of Indianola, then the largest and most economically important port city in the state of Texas. With an estimated central pressure of 925 mb, this hurricane is on record as the most intense ever to strike the state of Texas. The hurricane also caused at least 25 deaths. ^{[7] [8]}

The 8th storm of the season took a west track through Cuba and the Gulf of Mexico. It turned northward in the western gulf, and hit near Brownsville, Texas as a 100 mph hurricane on September 23. ^[9]

The 10th storm made landfall near the border between Louisiana and Texas. It caused 175-200 deaths due to the heavy rainfall and storm surge, with $250,000 in damage occurring. ^[10]

The ninth storm of 1887 made landfall near Brownsville. ^[11]

The first two storms of 1888 made landfall in the same area of Texas. ^[12]

[edit] 1890s

The first storm of 1891 made landfall near Galveston, Texas. ^[13]

The second storm of the 1895 season made landfall in the southernmost part of Texas. ^[14]

The second storm of 1897 had effects on parts of Texas. ^[15]

The sixth storm of 1898 made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border. ^[16]

The first storm of 1899 made landfall in Texas. ^[17]

[edit] 1900–1909

September 8, 1900: a Category 4 hurricane hit Galveston directly. Much of the city was flattened by the storm. It was responsible for 8,000 to 12,000 deaths, making it the deadliest natural disaster ever to strike the United States.^[18][19]

The second storm of 1901 made landfall in Southeast Texas as a minimal tropical storm. ^[20]

The second storm of 1902 made landfall near Corpus Christi, Texas. ^[21]

The second storm of 1909 hit Texas as a Category 2 hurricane near Bronwsville, while the fourth storm hit near Freeport, Texas on July 21 as a Category 3 hurricane; with a 10-foot (3-meter) storm surge. Damage totals came to $2 million (1909 dollars) and 41 people died. ^[22] On August 24th, 1909, a hurricane slammed into the Mexico and Texas area. Point Isabel, Texas was completely underwater. No one perished though. ^[23]

[edit] 1910s

The first storm of the 1910 season made landfall at Padre Island, Texas. Damage was minimal. ^[24]

The sixth storm of 1912 made its second landfall just south of Corpus Christi, Texas as a Category 1. 15 people died and damage came to over $28,000. ^[25]

The first storm of the 1913 season was Category 2 hurricane that struck Cancún, Mexico and Padre Island, Texas. This storm caused major flooding and killed one person. ^[26]

In 1914, remnants of a system affected Texas near the Louisiana border. ^[27]

The 1915 Galveston Hurricane made landfall on the Texas coast as a Category 3 hurricane, with sustained winds of 120 mph (200 km/h). The areas in Texas hardest hit were Galveston and Houston. In Galveston, the death toll was only eleven due to a recently built seawall, but elsewhere there were 111 fatalities (42 in Galveston Island and 62 offshore) and 102 others were reported missing and assumed dead. Total damage was $56 million (1915 USD). ^[28]

The 1916 Texas Hurricane made landfall on Padre Island, Texas on the August 18 as a 115 mph hurricane. The hurricane caused 15 fatalities, with $1.8 million (1916 USD) in damage. ^[29]

The remnants of the first storm of 1918 affected Texas after making landfall in Lousiana. ^[30]

The second storm of the 1919 season made landfall just south of Corpus Christi, Texas as a Category 1. ^[31]

[edit] 1920s

The first hurricane of the 1921 season made landfall in Texas. ^[32]

The first storm of the 1925 season formed was a tropical storm that hit near Brownsville, Texas. ^[33]

A category 1 hurricane struck near Freeport, Texas in 1929, the only town to suffer much damage from it. ^[34]

[edit] 1930s

The first storm of 1931 made landfall in the Galveston area as a tropical storm. ^[35]

The second storm of the 1932 season slammed into the upper Texas coast near Freeport, Texas as a very compact Category 4 hurricane. Texas was devastated by this storm. ^[36]

The Texas area was alive with activity in 1933, with the second storm making landfall in Mexico after threatening Texas; the fourth storm making landfall near Matagorda Bay in Texas as a 45 mph (70 km/h) tropical storm on July 23. The fifth storm made landfall near Brownsville, Texas on August 5 as a strong tropical storm. The storm produced strong winds and high tides along the coast of Texas, while heavy rains in south Texas and northern Mexico caused heavy damage. High tides from the storm covered parts of South Padre Island. The tenth storm threatened Texas, causing the issuance of tropical storm warnings for portions of the southern Texas coastline. The eleventh storm made landfall just north of Brownsville early on September 5. 179 people were killed and doing 28 million dollars in damage. ^[37], ^[38], ^[39]

In 1934, the third storm was a Category 1 hurricane passed over north Florida as a tropical storm and made landfall in central Texas, causing 11 casualties and $1-$2 million in damage. The fifth storm was another Category 1 hurricane that grazed Galveston. ^[40]

The third storm of the 1936 season caused severe crop damage was reported in San Patricio and Nueces Counties. In all, the hurricane caused $550,000 (1936 USD) in damage, primarily to oil refinery property, though no deaths or injuries were reported. The fourteenth storm of the season made landfall near Brownsville. ^[41]

The third and fifth storms of 1938 made landfall in the state. ^[42]

[edit] 1940s

The second storm of 1940 hit near the Texas/Louisiana border, and dissipated three days later over Missouri. One casualty and $1.7 million in damage from flooding has been attributed to this hurricane. ^[43]

In 1941, the first storm hit the Texas coast between Galveston and Port Arthur. The storm dissipated the next day without causing any damage. The second storm hit Texas near Matagorda just below hurricane strength. It continued northward, and became extratropical later that day. The hurricane caused heavy flooding in Texas, amounting to $7 million in damage (1941 dollars) and 4 deaths. ^[44]

The first storm of 1942 made landfall on the eastern Texas coast, and dissipated two days later over extreme southern Missouri. The hurricane caused around $600,000 in damage. The second storm hit the central Texas coast. The next day it dissipated over northwestern Texas, after resulting in $26.5 million in damage and eight casualties. ^[45]

In 1943, the Surprise Hurricane killed 19 people, and caused $17 million (1943 dollars) in damage to the Houston area. This storm is notorious for being censored by the U.S. Weathe Bureau. ^[46]

The second storm of 1945 hit southern Texas, causing no reported damage. The fifth hurricane of the same year made landfall near Port Aransas in central Texas as a 140 mph Category 4 hurricane. Towns from Freeport to Brownsville were subjected to hurricane force winds, causing around $20 million (1945 US dollars) in damages, and three deaths. ^[47]

The first storm of 1946 hit near the Texas/Louisiana border, causing no damage.^[48]

The third storm of the 1947 season made landfall in the state. ^[49]

Hurricane 10 of the 1949 season made landfall in Texas after crossing in from the Pacific basin. ^[50]

[edit] 1950s

In 1950, Tropical Storm How hit the Mexican coast 150 miles south of Brownsville. Damage was reported as far north as Port Aransas. Corpus Christi had gusts to 39 mph. Tides rose to 4' at Padre Island. Sections of highway on North Padre Island at Gulf Park were washed away. ^[51]

The first Hurricane Alice of 1954 dissipated over Texas. Heavy rains caused major crop damage to cotton crops, as well as 55 deaths. ^[52] The next storm, Tropical Storm Barabara made landfall near Sabine Pass, Texas. An October 1954 depression caused rainfall in Texas.^[53]

Hurricane Gladys of 1955 struck 140 miles south of Brownsville as a category 1 hurricane on the 5th. The rainfall total at Flour Bluff was 17.02". Corpus Christi saw 7.6" of rain in 24 hours. Tides rose to 4.5'. A circulation center rotating around the eastern periphery of the storm moved onshore on the 7th south of Baffin Bay. Locals to the area named it "Glasscock", after the oil platform 15 miles east of Port Aransas that recorded winds of 83 mph. Winds of 60 mph were seen at Flour Bluff. Damage was confined to the coast. ^[54]

Hurricane Audrey made landfall near Sabine Pass, Texas on June 27, 1957, as a 145 mph Category 4 hurricane.^[55],^[56],^[57],^[58] Like 1954, the next storm of the season, Tropical Storm Bertha, made landfall in Texas.

Tropical Storm Alma of 1958 hit northeastern Mexico 70 miles south of Brownsville, Texas. It dissipated the following day after causing one indirect death from drowning. ^[59]

Ella of 1958 hit southeastern Texas on the 6th of September, and dissipated later that day. Ella caused a total of $200,000 in damage (1958 dollars) and 37-39 deaths ^[60] in Cuba and Haiti from drowning. In addition, Galveston received torrential rainfall amounting to 13.6 inches. ^[61]

Hurricane Debra in 1959 hit between Freeport, Texas and Galveston, Texas as a minimal hurricane. It weakened over Texas, and dissipated over western Oklahoma. Debra caused a total of $7 million (1959 dollars) in damage, but no fatalities. ^[62]

[edit] 1960s

Tropical Storm One of 1960 hit 30 miles south of Corpus Christi, Texas as a 45 mph storm. The storm looped over southern Texas, dumping heavy rain over the area. It moved slowly northward, and eventually dissipated over Illinois. Though weak, the storm caused $3.6 million in damage (1960 dollars) and 15 deaths. ^[63]

September 11, 1961: Hurricane Carla made landfall near Port Lavaca as a Category 4 hurricane. With an estimated central pressure of 931 mb at landfall, Carla was one of the largest and most intense hurricanes to strike the United States. Gusts as high as 170 mph were estimated at Port Lavaca. Carla is responsible for 31 deaths in Texas. ^[64][65]

Hurricane Cindy in 1963 made landfall on High Island, Texas. Cindy brought heavy rain to southeast Texas as it drifted southwestward over the state. The hurricane dissipated after causing $12.5 million (1963 dollars; $76 million 2005 USD) in damage and three deaths. ^[66]

Tropical Storm Abby the very next year hit Matagorda, Texas as a 65 mph tropical storm, dissipating the following day. Abby was a small system; its complete circulation at the surface was less than 100 miles (160 km) in diameter. Because of this, Abby caused only $750,000 (1964 dollars; $30.7 million 2005 USD) in damage, most of it from crop damage. ^[67]

In 1967, Hurricane Beulah made landfall just north of the mouth of the Rio Grande as a Category 3 storm. The S.S. Shirley Lykes reported winds of 136 mph as the storm passed over the port at Brownsville, Texas. ^[68]

In 1968, Tropical Storm Candy moved inland over southeast Texas, causing heavy flooding, crop damage, and tornadoes. ^[69]

[edit] 1970s

Hurricane Celia of 1970 made landfall in Texas. Celia killed 20 due to extreme gusts, and caused hundreds of millions of dollars in damage. The storm produced microbursts, which are rare in a tropical cyclone. The windbursts caused heavy damage across the city. In Corpus Christi, Texas, one person was reported dead with over 460 others injured. Damage accumulated was about $1.8 billion dollars (1998 USD). In Port O'Connor, Texas, the storm broke several wind gauges and killed four people. Along the coast, boats were pushed ashore. ^[70]

Later that year, Tropical Storm Felice made landfall in Texas.

Hurricane Edith caused tides up to 6' in Sabine Pass in 1971, soon Hurricane Fern made landfall between Freeport, Texas and Matagorda, Texas as a tropical storm. Damage was minimal. ^[71]

Tropical Storm Delia in 1973 made its first landfall on the Southeast Texas coast near Freeport, and after a loop it hit Freeport again a few days later. This became the first known tropical cyclone to hit the same area twice.^{[citation needed]} Six days later, Tropical Depression Six stalled over the Freeport, Texas area from the 10th to the 12th, bringing more rain to coastal areas that had already been saturated by Tropical Storm Delia. The depression caused $15 million more in crop damages. ^[72]

In 1974, Hurricane Carmen made landfall in Texas producing heavy rainfall. ^[73]

Hurricane Caroline of 1975 made landfall 100 miles (160 km) south of Brownsville, Texas.

Hurricane Anita of 1977 made medium rainfall throughout the eastern Texas coast. ^[74]

Tropical Storm Amelia's flooding rains led to the deaths of 30 people in Texas in 1978. Later that year, Tropical Storm Debra made landfall halfway between Lake Charles, Louisiana and Beaumont, Texas, causing minimal damage. ^[75]

Tropical Storm Claudette produced torrential rains in both Texas and Louisiana when it made landfall. The highest total was reported in Alvin, Texas where 42 inches of rain fell. This remains the twenty-four hour rainfall record for any location in the United States.^{[citation needed]} Later in 1979, Tropical Storm Elena made landfall near Sargent, Texas as a weak tropical storm, rapidly deteriorating as it moved inland. It caused less than $10 million dollars (1979 USD; $28 million 2005 USD) in damage but managed to kill two people in floods.

[edit] 1980s

Hurricane Allen of 1980 affected southern Texas around Brownsville. Allen spawned several tornadoes, one causing major damage. One bit of good news resulted from Allen's arrival was that it dumped 10 to 20 inches of rain in south Texas, ending a summer-long drought during the 1980 United States heat wave. Later that year, Tropical Storm Danielle affected the Gavelston area when the storm made landfall. The rainfall left by Danielle leveled up to 17 inches at the Beaumont Airport, setting a new record. Damage from Danielle was minimal. Hurricane Jeanne also affected the Texas coast when the storm got close to area. The storm never made landfall in Texas, however, with Jeanne weakening while hovering off the Texas coast. No damage was reported. ^{[76] [77] [78]}

The only Texas action from the 1981 season was from Hurricane Norma which produced up to 21 inches of rain. ^[79]

Tropical Storm Chris of 1982 made landfall near Sabine Pass. Tropical Storm Chris caused widespread flooding as far inland as Tennessee, but total damage was only $2 million (1982 USD, $4 million 2005 USD). ^[80]

Hurricane Alicia of 1983 affected southern Texas around Houston. Alicia caused $5.1 billion dollars in damage (2005 USD) and 21 fatalities were reported. Alicia brought beneficial rains to the Southern Plains, which had been suffering from a drought for much of the summer of 1983. ^[81]

The next storm, Hurricane Barry, made landfall in Mexico but produced rainfall in Texas. ^[82]

The remnants of Hurricane Tico from the eastern pacific tracked through northern Texas and created moderate rainfall in Texas. ^[83]

In 1985, Hurricane Juan had up to 10 inches of rainfall in extreme northeastern Texas. Juan also killed one person off the Texas coast.^[84]

Hurricane Waldo in 1985 (an East Pacific storm)'s track struck Texas and produced moderate rainfall. ^[85]

The 1986 season was alive with activity in Texas. Hurricane Bonnie made landfall on the upper Texas coast near High Island. Streets were flooded throughout Southeast Texas, mobile homes were destroyed, and three people were killed. Bonnie caused $2 million (1986 USD) in damage.^[86]

Later that year, Tropical Depression Four produced rainfall for Texas. ^[87]

The remnants of Hurricanes Newton, Paine and Roslyn from the eastern pacific created slight rainfall in Texas. ^[88], ^[89],^[90]

An unnamed storm made landfall near High Island, Texas in 1987, causing minimal damage over Texas. ^[91]

Tropical Storm Beryl made moderate rainfall throught NE Texas.

Hurricane Gilbert of 1988 made landfall south of Brownsville, Texas as a 135 mph Category 4. Despite concerns that Texas might suffer a direct hit, there was only minor damage reported in southern Texas from Gilbert's landfall. Winds gusted to hurricane force in a few places, but the main impact felt in the state was beach erosion from a 3-5 foot storm surge, and tornadoes, which mainly affected the San Antonio area. Later that year Tropical Depression Ten produced heavy rainfall throughout NE Texas. ^{[92] [93]}

Tropical Storm Allison made landfall in early June 1989 causing 11 deaths throughout the area. Later that year, Hurricane Chantal made landfall as a minimal hurricane at High Island, Texas, causing thirteen deaths from flash flooding. Hurricane Jerry affected the Gavelston area as a minimal hurricane. Jerry killed three people when a car was blown off Texas Route 87 near Sea Rim State Park. In total Jerry caused US$110 million (2005 USD) in damage. Cosme from the E. Pacific merge with a tropical wave near Harlingen. Raymond from the E.Pacific left small rainfall in Northern Texas. ^{[94] [95] [96] [97]}

[edit] 1990s

Tropical Depression Two of 1991 had affects on Texas with a tropical storm warning. ^[98]

The remnants of Hurricane Lester from the 1992 East Pacific season created slight rainfall over Texas. ^[99]

Tropical Storm Arlene made landfall near Padre in mid-June 1993, killing six people from the heavy flooding. Heavy beach erosion also occurred causing $55 million dollars worth in damage. ^[100]

Tropical Storm Dean made landfall early on July 31, 1995 near Freeport, Texas. Dean dropped heavy rainfall amounting to nearly 17 inches in Monroe City. The rainfall resulted in moderate localized damage and the evacuation of 20 families in Chambers County, but the storm caused no injuries or deaths.

Later that year, Tropical Storm Gabrielle produced rainfall in Texas on August 12th. ^[101]

Again in 1995, Hurricane Ismael from the Eastern Pacific produced 7+ inches of rainfall in Texas ^[102]

In 1998, Tropical Storm Charley made landfall near Port Aransas, Texas. Serious inland flooding occurred in and around Val Verde County, Texas and thirteen people reportedly died. Del Rio recorded 17 inches (43cm) of rain in 24 hours from the storm, a record for the city and the most rainfall from a tropical cyclone in Texas since Tropical Storm Claudette in 1979.^{[citation needed]}

Later that year, Tropical Storm Frances made landfall north of Corpus Christi, Texas on September 11 as a moderately strong tropical storm. Rainfall caused large amounts of flood damage in southeast Texas and southwest Louisiana, with an estimated total of $500 million in property damage. ^{[103] [104]}

In 1999, Hurricane Bret made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane at Padre Island on August 23, becoming the first major hurricane to hit Texas since Hurricane Alicia in 1983.^[105] Tropical Depression Seven's remnants later that year produced light rainfall, peaking at 3.35 inches in Harlingen, Texas.^[106]

[edit] 2000s

September 9, 2000: Tropical Depression Nine made landfall near Sabine Pass, Texas, with maximum sustained winds of 30 mph and a central pressure of 1009 mb. ^[107]

June 5, 2001: Tropical Storm Allison made landfall near Freeport. It stalled over eastern Texas for several days, dropping extreme amounts of rain which led to catastrophic flooding. Allison caused estimated damages of $5 billion, nearly all of it related to freshwater flooding in the Greater Houston region when it struck in 2001. It caused 27 deaths due to flooding^[108], and is the only Atlantic tropical storm to have had its name retired.

August 9, 2002: Tropical Storm Bertha made landfall as a tropical depression near Kingsville, Texas.^[109]

September 7, 2002: Tropical Storm Fay made landfall near Port O'Connor, Texas, where it caused heavy rainfall amounting to $4.5 million in damage.^[110]

July 15, 2003: Hurricane Claudette made landfall at Matagorda Island near Port O'Connor as a strong Category 1 storm, with maximum sustained winds of 90 mph. Claudette was responsible for one direct death. Inland towns in Texas sustained significant wind damage. Estimated U.S. damage was $180 million.^[111]

August 16, 2003: Hurricane Erika made landfall in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas as a minor Category 1 hurricane, causing minor coastal damage and beach erosion in parts of southern Texas^[112][113]

August 31, 2003: Tropical Storm Grace made landfall near San Luis Pass wth maximum sustained winds of 40 mph, causing heavy rainfall along the Texas coast. Damage was minor and totaled to $113,000 (2003 USD).^{[114][115][116]}

September 22, 2003: Hurricane Marty (an East Pacific storm) made landfall in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. Heavy rains associated with Marty affected western Texas.^[117]

September 20, 2004: Hurricane Javier's remnants produced slight rainfall in Texas. ^[118]

September 24, 2004: Hurricane Ivan, having regenerated into a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico, made landfall near Cameron, LA as a tropical depression. Over 7 inches of rain was dropped over eastern Texas.^[119]

October 10, 2004: Tropical Storm Matthew produced moderate rainfall as far south as Brownsville and five or more inches around the area of Gavleston. ^[120]

July 20, 2005: Hurricane Emily made landfall in Tamaulipas state, Mexico, bringing much-needed rainfall to parts of southern Texas which had been hit hard by drought conditions.^[121][122]

September 24, 2005: Hurricane Rita made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane in Cameron Parish, Louisiana near the Texas/Louisiana border on September 24. Major flooding was reported in Port Arthur and Beaumont. Offshore oil platforms throughout Rita's path also suffered significant damage, though the refineries of Houston, Texas, originally thought to be at risk, escaped the brunt of the storm. Many of the indirect deaths linked to Rita were caused by a single bus fire in mass evacuations out of Houston. ^{[123][124][125]}

September 2, 2006: Hurricane John (an East Pacific storm) made its final landfall in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. As John moved inland and weakened, its remnants caused severe rainfall over Texas. Rainfall from John in El Paso, Texas, combined with an unusually wet year, resulted in twice the normal annual rainfall, and has caused 2006 to be the ninth wettest year on record. In northern Texas, moisture from the storm combined with cold front produced heavy rainfall of over 4 inches (100 mm), helping alleviate a severe drought.^[126][127]

September 16, 2006: Hurricane Lane (an East Pacific storm) made landfall in the Mexican state of Sinaloa. Lane's remnants combined with an upper level trough over southeast Texas, dropping over 5 inches of rain in places.^[128]

[edit] Statistics

[edit] Highest storms per season

The top 10 seasons with the most storms hitting Texas.

Rank	Season	Highest number of storms per season affecting Texas	Name/Number
1	1986 (1986 EPac)	5	Bonnie, TD 4, Newton, Paine & Roslyn
	1933	5	Two, Four, Five, Ten & Eleven
	1989 (1989 EPac)	5	Allison, Chantal, Jerry, Cosme & Raymond
4	2003 (2003 EPac)	4	Claudette, Erika, Grace & Marty
	1886	4	One, "Indianola", Eight & Ten
6	2004 (2004 EPac)	3	Ivan, Matthew & Javier
	1995 (1995 EPac)	3	Dean, Gabrielle and Ismael
	1988	3	Beryl, Gilbert and TD 10
	1983 (1983 EPac)	3	Alicia, Barry and Tico
	1954	3	Alice, Barbara & a Tropical Depression

[edit] Strongest storms to hit Texas

This chart is rated by the overall pressure, not the landfall pressure.

Rank	Name	Season	Minimum Pressure	Rank	Name	Season	Minimum Pressure
1	Gilbert	1988	888 mbar	6	"Indianola"	1886	925 mbar
2	Rita	2005	895 mbar	7	Anita	1977	926 mbar
3	Allen	1980	899 mbar	8	Carmen	1974	928 mbar
4	Ivan	2004	910 mbar	9	Emily	2005	929 mbar
5	Beulah	1967	923 mbar	10	Javier	2004	930 mbar

[edit] Strongest storms at landfall in Texas

This chart is rated by landfall pressure.

Rank	Name	Season	Minimum Pressure
1	"Indianola"	1886	925 mbar
2	"South Texas"	1919	927 mbar
3	"Gavelston"	1900	931 mbar
	Carla	1961	931 mbar
5	"North Texas"	1932	941 mbar

[edit] Most destructive hurricanes to hit Texas

Rank	Storm	Season	Accumulated Damage Total
1	Rita	2005	$10 Billion
2	Allison	2001	$5.5 Billion
3	Carla	1961	$2.03 Billion
4	Claudette	1979	$1.1 Billion
5	"Gavleston"	1900	$921 Million

[edit] Deadliest hurricanes to hit Texas

The ten deadliest hurricanes to hit Texas.

Rank	Storm	Season	Deaths	Rank	Storm	Season	Deaths
1	"Gavleston"	1900	8000>	6	"Indianola '75"	1875	176
2	"South Texas"	1919	600-900	7	"Upper Texas"	1886	150
3	Audrey	1957	390	8	"Brownsville"	1844	70
4	"Gavelston '15"	1915	275	9	Carla	1961	46
5	"Indianola"	1886	204	10	"Velasco"	1909	41

[edit] Top Rainfall Accumulation Totals

Top 5 rainfall accumulation totals for Texas. ^[129]

Rank	Storm	Season	Highest Rainfall Total	Location
1	Tropical Storm Amelia	1978	48.0"	Medina, Texas
2	Tropical Storm Allison	2001	40.68"	NW Jefferson County, Texas
3	Hurricane Beulah	1967	27.38"	Pettus, Texas
4	Hurricane Cindy	1963	22.8"	Deweyville, Texas
5	Hurricane Fern	1971	21.8"	Kaffie Ranch, Texas

[edit] Amount of storms per decade

The amount of storms affecting Texas per decade.

Decade	Number of storms
Pre-1810	4
1810's	1 (1818)
1820's	1 (1829)
1830's	6
1840's	6
1850's	3
1860's	6
1870's	8
1880's	10
1890's	5
1900-09	4
1910's	8
1920's	3
1930's	13
1940's	9
1950's	9
1960's	6
1970's	13
1980's	23
1990's	10
2000's	15

[edit] See also

• List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
• List of notable Atlantic hurricanes
• List of notable Pacific hurricanes

[edit] References