List of Romanesque architecture

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St-Sernin basilica, Toulouse, 1080 – 1120: elevation of the east end
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St-Sernin basilica, Toulouse, 1080 – 1120: elevation of the east end
Romanesque sculpture, cloister of St. Trophime, Arles
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Romanesque sculpture, cloister of St. Trophime, Arles
Romanesque abbey church of Jumièges, Normandy
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Romanesque abbey church of Jumièges, Normandy
Romanesque St. Michael's Church (1010-33) in Hildesheim – a World Heritage Site
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Romanesque St. Michael's Church (1010-33) in Hildesheim – a World Heritage Site
Romanesque portal of Schottenkirche, Regensburg
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Romanesque portal of Schottenkirche, Regensburg
Saint Clement of Taüll in Catalonia, Spain. Lombard Romanesque
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Saint Clement of Taüll in Catalonia, Spain. Lombard Romanesque
Collegiate church of Santillana del Mar, Spain. Cloister
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Collegiate church of Santillana del Mar, Spain. Cloister
Monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos, Spain. Capitel detail
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Monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos, Spain. Capitel detail
Inner view of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Inner view of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Façade of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra (Portugal, 2nd half of 12th century).
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Façade of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra (Portugal, 2nd half of 12th century).
Romanesque portal of St. Mary Magdalene Church, Wrocław.
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Romanesque portal of St. Mary Magdalene Church, Wrocław.
Doorway, Dysert Church, Co. Clare, Ireland
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Doorway, Dysert Church, Co. Clare, Ireland
Carving above doorway, Clonfert Cathedral, Co. Galway, Ireland
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Carving above doorway, Clonfert Cathedral, Co. Galway, Ireland
Doorway of Clonfert Cathedral, Co. Galway, Ireland
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Doorway of Clonfert Cathedral, Co. Galway, Ireland
Column of virtues in Strzelno, Poland
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Column of virtues in Strzelno, Poland

Contents

[edit] Surviving Romanesque buildings

Listed below are examples of surviving buildings in Romanesque style in Europe.

[edit] France

Romanesque architecture expands in France through monasteries. Burgundy was the center of monastic life in France - one of the most important Benedictine monastery of medieval Europe was the one in Cluny. The pilgrimage also contributed to expansion of this style. Many pilgrims passed through France on their way to Santiago de Compostela.

French Romanesque schools of architecture, which are specific for every region, are characterised by the variety of stone vaulting.

  • Regions that developed distinctive styles are:

[edit] Spain

Romanesque first developed in Spain in the 10th and 11th centuries and before Cluny`s influence, in Lérida, Barcelona, Tarragona and Huesca and in the Pyrinees, simultaneously with the north of Italy, into what is been called "First Romanesque" or "Lombard Romanesque". It is a very primitive style, whose characteristics are thick walls, lack of sculpture and the presence of rhythmic ornamental arches.

Romanesque Architecture truly arrives with the influence of Cluny through the Way of Saint James, that ends in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The model of the Spanish Romanesque in 12th century was the Cathedral of Jaca, with its characteristic absis structure and plan, and its "chess" decoration in strips, called taqueado jaqués. As the Christian Kingdoms advanced to the South, that model spread throughout the reconquered areas with some variations. Spanish Romanesque has also influence of the Spanish pre-romanesque styles, mainly the Asturian and the Mozarab. But there is also a strong influence of the moorish architecture, so close in space, especially the vaults of Córdoba`s Mosque, and the polylobulated arches. In the 13th century, some romanesque churches alternated with the gothic. Aragón, Castile and Navarra are some of the most dense areas of Spanish Romanesque.

[edit] Poland

[edit] Croatia

[4] St. Anastasia, Zadar St. Benedict, Split St. Peter, Rab St. Mary the Blessed, Rab

[edit] Ireland

[edit] Germany

[edit] Netherlands

  • Sint Servaas, Maastricht
  • Onze-Lieve-Vrouwe, Maastricht
  • Munsterkerk, Roermond
  • Janskerk, Utrecht
  • Pieterskerk, Utrecht
  • St. Plechelmus, Oldenzaal
  • Chapel, Lemiers
  • Reformed church, Oirschot
  • Abbey church Rolduc, Kerkrade
  • St. Amelberga, Susteren
  • St. Wiro, Plechelmus and Otgerus, Sint-Odiliënberg
  • St. Remigius, Klimmen
  • St. Medardus, Wessem

[edit] Italy

In Italy, the prevalent diffusion is in Lombardy, in Emilia - Romagna, in Tuscany, in the continental part of Veneto and in Apulia; everyone of these "Romanesque styles" has proper characteristics, for constructing methods and for materials. For example, a characteristic of Romanesque is that to change the classic elements with Christian elements, but in Tuscany and Apulia the classic decoratings remain.

Materials depended from the local disponibility, because the importation was too expensive. In fact, in Lombardy the most used material is ceramic, because of the argillous nature of the terrain; but that isn't true for Como, where there were large diponibility of stone; in Tuscany buildings in white marble (from Carrara) are frequent, with inserts of green serpentin marble.

In Lombardy and Emilia, in that age united, in romanesque epoque there was a great artistic flowering. The most monumental churches and cathedrals are often built with the campata system, with varying columns which weigh a tutto sesto arcos. In plain the material of construction is prevalently the mattone, but buildings in stone do not lack. The greater part of the roman cities along the via Emilia is equipped in this age of monumental cathedral, between which they already maintain to the medieval system.

Lombardy:

  • Sant'Ambrogio, Milan
  • Basilica di San Lorenzo , Milan
  • San Michele Maggiore, Pavia
  • Cathedral of Monza
  • S. Cosma e Damiano (Rezzago - province of Como)
  • Madonna del Ghisallo (Magreglio - province of Como)
  • S. Alessandro (Lasnigo - province of Como)
  • S. Pietro (Albese - province of Como)
  • Chiesa di S. Tommaso (Acquanegra sul Chiese - province of Mantova)
  • Sant'Abbondio (Como)

Emilia - Romagna:

  • San Mercuriale, in Forlì
  • Chiesa di S. Maria Oliveto (Albinea - province of Reggio Emilia)
  • Chiesa parrocchiale (Anzola dell'Emilia - province of Bologna)
  • Cathedral of Parma
San Galgano, Tuscany
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San Galgano, Tuscany

Tuscany:

  • San Miniato al Monte, Florence
  • Cathedral of Pisa
  • Pieve di Romena, Pratovecchio, Arezzo
  • Pieve di Làmulas (Arcidosso - province of Grosseto)
  • Chiesa abbaziale (Abbadia Isola - province of Siena)
  • Chiesa abbaziale (Abbadia San Salvatore - province of Siena)
  • Abbazia di S. Galgano (Abbazia di San Galgano - province of Siena)
  • Oratorio (Alpe di Poti - province of Arezzo)
  • Chiesa di S. Jacopo Maggiore (Altopascio - province of Lucca)
  • Chiesa di S. Stefano (Anghiari - province of Arezzo)

Apulia:

Veneto:

  • San Zeno, Verona
  • S. Pietro in Cantalovo (Bevilacqua - province of Verona)
  • S.Salvaro (S. Pietro di Legnago - province of Verona)
  • S. Zeno (Cerea - province of Verona)
  • Chiesa della Bastia (Isola della Scala - province of Verona)
  • S. Maria Maggiore (Gazzo - province of Verona)
  • S. Pietro (Villanova - province of Verona)
  • S. Maria (Bonavigo - province of Verona)
  • S. Michele (Belfiore - province of Verona)
  • S. Andrea (Sommacampagna - province of Verona)
  • Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta (Adria - Province of Rovigo)
  • Cattedrale di Adria (Adria - Province of Rovigo)

Umbria:

  • Cathedral of Spoleto
  • Chiesa di San Bernardino da Siena (La Pigge - Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • Chiesa di Sant'Arcangelo (La Pigge - Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • Eremo di San Marco e la grotta del Beato Ventura (La Pigge - Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • Chiesa Tonda (La Pigge - Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Maria di Pietrarossa (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Stefano di Piaggia (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Nicolò (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Fabiano (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Tommaso (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Sabino (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Pietro a Pettine (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Costanzo (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Andrea (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Egidio di Borgo (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Donato (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Leonardo del Colle (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Martino in Manciano (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Apollinare (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Stefano in Manciano (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Pietro in Bovara (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Maria di Pelan (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Paolo di Coste (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Croce in Val dell'Aquila (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Emiliano (Trevi - province of Perugia)

Sicily:

Piedmont:

  • Abbazia di Vezzolano (Albugnano - province of Asti)
  • Cripta di Sant'Anastasio (Asti)
  • Pieve di San Secondo (Cortazzone - province of Asti)
  • Chiesa SS. Nazario e Celso (Montechiaro - province of Asti)
  • Pieve di San Lorenzo (Montiglio - province of Asti)
  • Abbazia dei Santi Nazario e Celso (San Nazzaro Sesia - province of Novara)
  • Abbazia di Santa Fede (Cavagnolo - province of Tourin)
  • Chiesa di S. Maria di Vezzolano (Abbazia di Vezzolano - province of Asti)
  • Cattedrale dell'Addolorata (Acqui Terme - province of Alessandria)
  • Chiesa di S. Pietro (Albugnano - province of Asti)
  • Battistero di Agrate (Agrate Conturbia - province of Novara)

Sardinia:

  • S. Giusta (S. Giusta - Sardinia)
  • S. Maria (Bonarcado - Sardinia)
  • S. Paolo (Milis - Sardinia)
  • S. Palmerio (Ghilarza - Sardinia)
  • Il Carmine (Mogoro - Sardinia)
  • S. Gregorio (Sardara - Sardinia)
  • S. Leonardo (Masullas - Sardinia)
  • S. Lussorio (Fordongianus - Sardinia)
  • S. Gregorio (Solarussa - Sardinia)
  • S. Pietro (Zuri - Sardinia) (Como's artist)
  • S. Maria Maddalena (Silì - Sardinia)
  • S. Maria della Mercede (Norbello - Sardinia)
  • S. Pietro di Sorres (Borutta - Sardinia)
  • SS. Trinità (Saccargia - Sardinia)
  • S. Antioco (Bisarcio - Sardinia)
  • S. Maria del Regno (Ardara - Sardinia)
  • S. Pantaleo (Dolianova - Sardinia)
  • S. Alenixedda (Cagliari - Sardinia)
  • S. Lorenzo (Silanus - Sardinia)
  • S. Leonardo (Siete Fuentes - Sardinia)
  • S. Maria (Uta - Sardinia)
  • S. Maria (Tratalias - Sardinia)
  • S. Pietro Extramuros (Bosa - Sardinia)
  • S. Gavino (Porto Torres - Sardinia)

Latium:

  • Chiesa cattedrale (Acquapendente - province of Viterbo)
  • Chiesa di S. Maria della Libera (Aquino - province of Frosinone)

Marches:

  • Chiesa di S. Ciriaco (Ancona)
  • Pieve di S. Maria della Piazza (Ancona)
  • Pieve di S. Urbano (Apiro - province of Macerata)

Aosta Valley:

  • Cattedrale di Aosta (Aosta)
  • Chiesa di S. Orso (Aosta)

Friuli - Venetia Julia:

  • Basilica di Poppo (Aquileia - province of Udine)
  • Basilica patriarcale (Aquileia - province of Udine)

[edit] England

In England, Romanesque architecture is often termed 'Norman architecture'.

[edit] Scotland

[edit] Switzerland

[edit] Belgium

[edit] Scandinavia

[edit] Czech Republic

[edit] Hungary

[edit] Portugal

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