List of Presidents of Peru
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Peru |
 This article is part of the series: |
|
|
|
Other countries • Politics Portal |
Established in the Constitution of 1993, the President of the Republic is the Chief of the State and represents the republic in official international matters. The presidential term is five years; incumbents cannot be re-elected for a second consecutive term. The official name is President of the Republic (Presidente de la República).
Contents |
[edit] History
Durings its more than 180 years of independence, Peru has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically-elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, coups and violence. More than once, several individuals claimed the right to be president at the same time.
Different titles have been used, such as "Protector of Peru" (used by San Martin), "Liberator of Peru" (used by Bolivar) and "Supreme Protector" (by Santa Cruz).
The following table contains a list of the individuals who have served as president of Peru.
[edit] Presidents of the Republic
| # (All) |
# (Interim) |
# (Unique) |
President | Inaugurated | Left office | Form of Entry | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 |  |
José de San Martín | July 28, 1821 | September 20, 1822 | Indirect elections | Protector |
| 2 | 2 | - |  |
Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro | September 20, 1822 | September 22, 1822 | Indirect elections | Interim caretaker |
| 3 | 3 | 2 | |
José La Mar | September 20, 1822 | February 27, 1823 | Elected by Congress | President of the Government Junta |
| 4 | 4 | - |  |
José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle | February 27, 1823 | February 28, 1823 | Interim caretaker | |
| 5 | 5 | 3 | |
José de la Riva Agüero | February 28, 1823 | June 23, 1823 | Elected by Congress | |
| 6 | 6 | 4 |  |
Antonio José de Sucre | June 23, 1823 | July 17, 1823 | Elected by Congress | |
| 8 | 8 | 5 | |
José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle | July 17, 1823 | February 17, 1824 | Elected by Congress | Supreme Delegate |
| 9 | 9 | 6 |  |
Simón Bolívar | February 17, 1824 | January 28, 1827 | Elected by Congress | Liberator of Peru |
| 10 | 10 | 7 |  |
Andrés de Santa Cruz | January 28, 1827 | June 9, 1827 | Elected by Congress | President of the Government Council |
| 11 | 11 | 8 | |
Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano | June 9, 1827 | August 22, 1827 | Elected by Congress | Interim caretaker |
| 12 | - | - | |
José La Mar | August 22, 1827 | June 7, 1829 | Direct Elections | |
| 13 | - | - | |
Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente | June 7, 1829 | September 1, 1829 | Coup d'état | |
| 14 | - | 9 | Image:Agustin Gamarra.jpg | Agustín Gamarra | September 1, 1829 | December 20, 1833 | Elected by Congress | |
| 15 | 12 | - | |
Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro | December 20, 1833 | December 21, 1833 | Elected by Congress | Interim caretaker |
| 16 | 13 | 10 | |
Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada | December 21, 1833 | August 11, 1836 | Elected by Congress | |
| 11 | - | - | |
Pedro Pablo Bermúdez[1] | January 4, 1833 | April 24, 1834 | Coup d'état | Provisional Supreme Ruler |
| 18 | - | - | Image:Felipe Salaverry.jpg | Felipe Santiago Salaverry[2] | February 23, 1835 | February 7, 1836 | Coup d'état | Supreme Legislator |
| 19 | 14 | - | |
Andrés de Santa Cruz[3] | August 11, 1836 | August 25, 1838 | Supreme Protector of the Confederation | |
| 10 | 14 | - | Image:Agustin Gamarra.jpg | Agustín Gamarra[4] | August 25, 1838 | November 18, 1841 | Elected by Congress | |
| 21 | - | - | |
Manuel Menéndez | November 18, 1841 | August 16, 1842 | Interim caretaker | President of the Government Council |
| 22 | - | - |  |
Juan Crisóstomo Torrico | August 16, 1842 | October 17, 1842 | Coup d'état | |
| 23 | - | - | |
Francisco Vidal[5] | October 17, 1842 | March 15, 1843 | Coup d'état | |
| 24 | - | - | |
Justo Figuerola | March 15, 1843 | March 20, 1843 | Coup d'état | |
| 25 | - | - | |
Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco | March 20, 1843 | June 17, 1844 | Selfproclaimed President | |
| 26 | - | - | |
Domingo Nieto | March 20, 1843 | February 17, 1844 | Selfproclaimed President | |
| 27 | - | - |  |
Ramón Castilla | February 17, 1844 | August 10, 1844 | Elected in replace of Domingo Nieto | |
| 28 | - | - | |
Domingo Elías | June 17, 1844 | August 10, 1844 | Selfproclaimed President | |
| 29 | - | - | |
Manuel Menéndez[6] | August 10, 1844 | August 11, 1844 | Interim caretaker | President of the Government Council |
| 30 | - | - | |
Justo Figuerola | August 11, 1844 | October 7, 1844 | Coup d'état | |
| 31 | - | - | |
Manuel Menéndez | October 7, 1844 | April 20, 1845 | Interim caretaker | President of the Government Council |
| 32 | - | - | |
Ramón Castilla | April 20, 1845 | April 20, 1851 | Direct Elections | |
| 33 | - | - | Image:President Echenique.jpg | José Rufino Echenique | April 20, 1851 | January 5, 1855 | Direct Elections | |
| 34 | - | - | |
Ramón Castilla | January 5, 1855 | October 24, 1862 | Coup d'état Direct Elections |
|
| 35 | - | - | |
Miguel de San Román | October 24, 1862 | April 3, 1863 | Direct Elections | |
| 36 | - | - | |
Ramón Castilla | April 3, 1863 | April 9, 1863 | Revolution Selproclaimed President |
|
| 37 | - | - | |
Pedro Diez Canseco | April 3, 1863 | August 5, 1863 | Interim caretaker | Second Vicepresident |
| 38 | - | - |  |
Juan Antonio Pezet | August 5, 1863 | April 25, 1865 | First Vicepresident | |
| 39 | - | - |  |
Mariano Ignacio Prado | April 25, 1865 | June 24, 1865 | Coup d'état | |
| 40 | - | - | |
Juan Antonio Pezet | June 24, 1865 | November 8, 1865 | ||
| 41 | - | - | |
Pedro Diez Canseco | November 8, 1865 | November 28, 1865 | Interim caretaker | |
| 42 | - | - | |
Mariano Ignacio Prado | November 28, 1865 | January 8, 1868 | Direct Elections | |
| 43 | - | - | |
Pedro Diez Canseco | January 8, 1868 | August 2, 1868 | Interim caretaker | |
| 44 | - | - |  |
José Balta | August 2, 1868 | July 22, 1872 | Direct Elections | |
| 45 | - | - | |
Tomás Gutiérrez | July 22, 1872 | July 26, 1872 | Coup d'état | Supreme Leader of the Nation |
| 46 | - | - | |
Francisco Diez Canseco | July 26, 1872 | July 27, 1872 | ||
| 47 | - | - | |
Mariano Herencia Zevallos | July 27, 1872 | August 2, 1872 | ||
| 48 | - | - | Manuel Pardo | August 2, 1872 | August 2, 1876 | Direct Elections | ||
| 49 | - | - | |
Mariano Ignacio Prado | August 2, 1876 | December 23, 1879 | Direct Elections | |
| 50 | - | - |  |
Nicolás de Piérola | December 23, 1879 | November 28, 1881 | Coup d'état | Commander in Chief of the State |
| 51 | - | - |  |
Francisco García Calderón | March 12, 1881 | September 28, 1881 | Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Lima) |
Provisional President of the Republic |
| 52 | - | - | |
Lizardo Montero Flores | September 28, 1881 | November 6, 1881 | Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Arequipa) |
Provisional President of the Republic |
| 52 | - | - |  |
Andrés Avelino Cáceres | November 6, 1881 | December 25, 1882 | Selfproclaimed Chilean Occupation (Central Peru) |
President of the Republic |
| 52 | - | - | |
Miguel Iglesias | November 6, 1881 | December 25, 1882 | Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Cajamarca) |
Regenerator President of the Republic |
| Tenure | President | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1886 | Antonio Arenas | Provisional |
| 1886–1890 | Andrés Avelino Cáceres | President of the Republic |
| 1890–1894 | Remigio Morales Bermúdez | President of the Republic |
| 1894 | Justiniano Borgoño | Provisional |
| 1894–1895 | Andrés Avelino Cáceres | President of the Republic |
| 1895–1899 | Nicolás de Piérola | President of the Republic |
| 1899–1903 | Eduardo López de Romaña | President of the Republic |
| 1903–1904 | Manuel Candamo | President of the Republic |
| 1904 | Serapio Calderón | Provisional |
| 1904–1908 | José Pardo y Barreda | President of the Republic |
| 1908–1912 | Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo | President of the Republic |
| 1912–1914 | Guillermo Billinghurst | President of the Republic |
| 1914–1915 | Óscar Benavides | President of the Republic |
| 1915–1919 | José Pardo y Barreda | President of the Republic |
| 1919–1930 | Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo | President of the Republic |
| 1930 | Manuel María Ponce Brousset | President of the Republic |
| 1930–1931 | Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro | 1st President of the Provisional Government Junta |
| 1931 | Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias | 2nd President of the Provisional Government Junta |
| 1931 | Gustavo Jiménez | 3rd President of the Provisional Government Junta |
| 1931 | David Samanez Ocampo | President of the Southern Junta |
| 1931–1933 | Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro | President of the Republic |
| 1933–1939 | Óscar Benavides | President of the Republic |
| 1939–1945 | Manuel Prado y Ugarteche | President of the Republic |
| 1945–1948 | José Luis Bustamante y Rivero | President of the Republic |
| 1948–1950 | Manuel Odría | President of the Republic |
| 1950 | Zenón Noriega Agüero | President of the Republic |
| 1950–1956 | Manuel Odría | President of the Republic |
| 1956–1962 | Manuel Prado y Ugarteche | President of the Republic |
| 1962–1963 | Ricardo Pérez Godoy | First President of the Military Junta |
| 1963 | Nicolás Lindley | 2nd President of the Military Junta |
| 1963–1968 | Fernando Belaúnde Terry | President of the Republic |
| 1968–1975 | Juan Velasco Alvarado | First President of the Government of the Armed Forces |
| 1975–1980 | Francisco Morales Bermúdez | Second President of the Government of the Armed Forces |
| 1980–1985 | Fernando Belaúnde Terry | President of the Republic |
| 1985–1990 | Alan García Pérez | President of the Republic |
| 1990–2000 | Alberto Fujimori | President of the Republic |
| 2000–2001 | Valentín Paniagua | President of a United Government and National Reconciliation |
| 2001–2006 | Alejandro Toledo | President of the Republic |
| 2006–Present | Alan García Pérez | President of the Republic |
[edit] Notes
- ^ Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegozo in Arequipa.
- ^ Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegozo in Lima.
- ^ The Republic of Peru and the Republic of Bolivia were united into a federal state called the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. Peru was divided in the states of North Peru and South Peru, each one of them with its own President.
- ^ President Gamarra was killed during the Battle of Ingavi. The idea of a Vicepresident was not contemplated in the Peruvian Constitution of the time.
- ^ No effective central government existed after the Coup d'état against Francisco Vidal, with several generals claiming the Presidency in different cities around the country.
- ^ Ramón Castilla installed Manuel Menéndez to the Presidency in order to provide a smooth transition. Thus, Menéndez was once appointed again to the Presidency after being removed in 1942.
