List of French Jews
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Jews have lived in France since Roman times, and since the French Revolution (and Emancipation) have contributed to all aspects of French culture and society. A significant number perished in the Holocaust, deported to Nazi death camps by the French Vichy government. After the war, France served as a haven for Jewish refugees, and an influx of immigration (mostly of Sephardi Jews from North Africa) saw the Jewish population triple to around 600,000, making it the largest Jewish community in Western Europe at the present time.
The following is a list of some prominent Jews and people of Jewish origins (not all of them practice, or practiced, the Jewish religion) who were born in, or are very strongly associated with, France.
Contents |
[edit] Historical figures
[edit] Politicians
- Robert Badinter, Justice Minister (1981-6; abolished the death penalty in France)
- Léon Blum, Prime Minister (1936-7, 1938, 1946-7)
- Adolphe Crémieux, Justice Minister (1848, 1870-1)
- Michel Debré, Prime Minister (1959-1962; leading Gaullist) (Jewish father)
- Laurent Fabius, Prime Minister (1984-6) (Jewish father)
- Louis-Lucien Klotz
- Bernard Kouchner, politician and doctor (Jewish father)
- Georges Mandel, Interior Minister (1939)
- René Mayer, Prime Minister (1953)
- Pierre Mendès-France, Prime Minister (1954-5; withdrew from Indochina)
- Jules Moch, Transport Minister (1945-7), Interior Minister (1947-50), Defense Minister (1950-1)
- Simone Veil, Health Minister (1974-6; legalized abortion), President of the European Parliament (1979-82)
- Dominique Strauss-Kahn, Finance Minister (1997-9)
[edit] Activists
- René Cassin, drafted Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Nobel Peace Prize (1968)
- Daniel Cohn-Bendit, student leader and German Green MEP
- Alain Geismar, student leader
- Bernard Kouchner, politician, founder of Médecins Sans Frontières (Jewish father)
- Alain Krivine, student leader and Trotskyist MEP
- André Spire, lawyer, journalist, poet, Jewish society and French Zionism leader
[edit] Clergymen
- Jean-Marie Lustiger, former archbishop of Paris and cardinal (born Jewish; converted to Roman Catholicism)
[edit] Military
- Denise Bloch - WW2 SOE spy
- Paul Bloch, resistance general (brother of Marcel Bloch, aka Marcel Dassault, see below)
- Nissim de Camondo pilot in WWI
- Alfred Dreyfus, military officer
- Manouchian Group, French Resistance group (mostly Jewish)
[edit] Academic figures
[edit] Scientists
- Anatole Abragam [7], Russian-born French physicist
- Edouard Brezin [8], French physicist
- Haïm Brezis, French mathematician, Nonlinear analysis
- Hippolyte Bernheim, hypnosis pioneer
- George Cohen-Tannoudji, Algerian-born French scientist
- Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, physicist, Nobel Prize (1997)
- Alexander Grothendieck [9], German-born mathematician, Fields Medal (1966) "Grothendieck's father was a Russian Jew surnamed Shapiro and his mother a German Jewish women named Hanka Grothendieck" (some sources say his mother was Christian)
- Jacques Hadamard, mathematician
- Henri Kagan, chemist, Wolf Prize (2001)
- Francois Jacob, microbiologist, Nobel Prize (1965)
- Paul Pierre Lévy, mathematician
- Gabriel Lippmann, physicist, Nobel Prize (1908)
- André Lwoff, microbiologist, Nobel Prize (1965)
- Henri Moissan, chemist, Nobel Prize (1906) (Jewish mother)
- Olinde Rodrigues, mathematician & social reformer
- Dr Willy Rozenbaum, French medical doctor, vital in the discovery of HIV, the cause of AIDS
- Laurent Schwartz, mathematician, Fields Medal (1950)
- Raymond Stora, French-born French U.S. physicist
- André Weil, mathematician, Wolf Prize (1979)
- Elie Wollman [10], French bacteriologist
[edit] Social scientists
- Raymond Aron, sociologist
- Jacques Attali, economist, writer
- Julien Benda, philosopher & novelist
- Henri Bergson, philosopher, Nobel Prize (1927)
- Marc Bloch, historian & Resistance leader
- Léon Brunschvicg, philosopher
- Hélène Cixous, feminist critic
- Jacques Derrida, philosopher
- Émile Durkheim, sociologist
- Alain Finkielkraut, essayist
- André Glucksmann, philosopher
- Gersonides, philosopher
- Maurice Halbwachs, sociologist
- Robert Hertz, sociologist
- Bernard-Henri Lévy, philosopher
- Claude Lévi-Strauss, anthropologist
- Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, philosopher & anthropologist
- Emmanuel Levinas, philosopher
- Gabriel Marcel, philosopher (Jewish mother)
- Marcel Mauss, sociologist
- Nostradamus, astrologer & seer (family forced to convert to Catholicism)
- Jacob Rodrigues Pereira, first to teach the deaf
- Rashi, religious commentator
- Maxime Rodinson, historian
- Guy Sorman, philosopher
- George Steiner, literary critic (French-born)
- Simone Weil, philosopher & mystic
[edit] Cultural figures
[edit] Film and stage
- Anouk Aimée, actress
- Richard Anconina, actor
- Alexandre Arcady, [11] director
- Alexandre Aja (1978 - ) director; rose to stardom in 2005 for his horror film Haute Tension[1]
- Pierre Arditi, actor (Jewish father)
- Arthur, radio and TV host, producer
- Yvan Attal, director & actor
- Jean-Pierre Aumont, actor[2]
- Jean-Pierre Bacri, actor
- Harry Baur, actor (Jewish father)
- Jean Benguigui, actor
- Jean Benoit-Lévy, producer and director
- Edmond Benoit-Lévy, film pioneer
- Bernard.Benyamin, TV journalist
- Sarah Bernhardt (1844 - 1923) world-famous stage actress[3]
- Claude Berri, director
- Richard Berry, actor
- Michel Boujenah, actor, director, humorist
- Caprice Bourret, model (French parents)
- Patrick Bruel, actor and singer
- Alain Chabat, actor
- David Charvet (1972 - ) French-born actor/singer (Baywatch)[4]
- Elie Chouraqui, director
- Nina Companeez, director
- Marcel Dalio, actor
- Gérard Darmon, actor
- Henri Diamant-Berger, director and producer
- Michel Drach director
- Michel Drucker, producer
- Jean-Pierre Elkabbach,journalist
- Gad Elmaleh, humorist, actor
- Daniel Emilfork, actor
- Charlotte Gainsbourg, actress (Jewish father)
- Judith Godrèche, actress
- La Goulue, dancer
- Vanessa Guedj, actress
- Roger Hanin, actor and director
- Francis Huster, actor (Polish Jewish parents)
- Jacky, TV host
- Agnès Jaoui, director & actress
- Elie Kakou, humorist
- Marin Karmitz, producer
- Mathieu Kassovitz, director & actor (Jewish father)
- Cédric Klapisch, director
- Véra Korène, actress & stage director
- Diane Kurys, director
- Claude Lanzmann, director
- Thomas Langmann, actor
- Claude Lelouch, director
- Raoul J. Lévy, Belgian-born film producer
- Julia Levy-Boeken, actress [12]
- Max Linder, silent-film actor
- Marcel Marceau, mime artist
- Lazare Meerson, film artist
- Jean-Pierre Melville (1917 - 1973) film director and screenwriter[5]
- Raphaël Mezrahi, humorist
- Serge Moati, director, TV host
- Paul Nahon, TV journalist
- Marcel Ophuls, director
- Gérard Oury, director
- Philippine Pascal, actress
- Popeck, humorist
- Rachel, stage actress
- Eric Rochant, director
- Alexandra Rosenfeld (1986 - ) elected Miss France 2006[6]
- Ida Rubinstein, Belle Epoque icon
- Elie Semoun, humorist, actor
- Beatrice Schönberg, TV journalist
- Simone Signoret, actress (Jewish father)
- Nicole Stéphane, actress
- Patrick Timsit, humorist, actor
- François Truffaut director, actor (Jewish birth father) [13]
- William Wyler, director
- Michaël Youn, humorist, actor
- Elsa Zylberstein, actress (Jewish father)
[edit] Musicians
- Franck Amsallem, jazz pianist & composer
- Charles-Valentin Alkan, composer & pianist
- Richard Anthony[citation needed], singer
- Thomas Bangalter[citation needed],(daft punk),musician,dj
- Barbara, singer
- Michel Berger[citation needed], singer, composer
- Gérard Berliner, singer
- Dimitri Bodianski[citation needed], (Indochine), musician (Jewish father)
- Dany Boon, humorist (converted to Judaism)
- Alain Boublil & Claude-Michel Schonberg, musical writers
- Mike Brant, singer
- Dany Brillant, singer
- Patrick Bruel, singer, actor, world poker champion
- Jacques Canetti, music producer (brother of writer Elias Canetti)
- Claude Challe, club impresario and DJ
- Corynne Charby[citation needed], singer
- Philippe Cohen Solal, member of Gotan Project
- Joe Dassin, singer (Jewish father)
- Natalie Dessay, soprano (converted to Judaism)
- Sacha Distel, singer (Jewish mother)
- Paul Dukas, composer
- Michel Emer, composer
- Sandrine Erdely-Sayo, pianist
- Laïka Fatien, jazz singer (Jewish mother)
- Jean Ferrat, composer, singer
- Serge Gainsbourg, singer-songwriter
- Jean-Jacques Goldman, singer and songwriter
- Richard Gotainer[citation needed], singer
- David Guetta , Dj (Jewish father)
- Fromental Halévy, composer
- Ludovic Halévy, librettist
- Raphaël Haroche, musician
- Michel Jonasz, singer
- Joseph Kosma, film composer
- Jacques Lanzmann, lyricist; brother of Claude Lanzmann
- René Leibowitz, composer
- Francis Lemarque, singer
- Enrico Macias, singer
- Didier Marouani[citation needed], composer
- Darius Milhaud, composer
- Mireille, singer, composer
- Pierre Monteux, conductor
- Georges Moustaki, composer, singer
- Jacques Offenbach, composer
- Michel Polnareff, singer, musician (Jewish father)
- Régine, Belgian-born singer
- Catherine Ringer, singer, actress (Jewish father)
- Sapho, singer
- Nicola Sirkis[citation needed], (Indochine), singer (Jewish father)
- Martial Solal, jazz pianist & composer
- Phil Spector, US record producer (French mother)
- Alexandre Tansman, composer, pianist
- Emil Waldteufel, composer
- Félix Alphonse Weingaertner, composer
- Rika Zaraï, Israeli-born singer
[edit] Artists
- Balthus, painter (mother Jewish) [14]: "Balthus' mother was the painter Elizabeth Dorothea, called Baladine, maiden name Spiro, a Polish woman of the Jewish faith whose father was a cantor." [15]
- Christian Boltanski (1944 - ) photographer, sculptor and installation artist[7]
- Brassaï [16], photographer and sculptor
- Victor Brauner, painter
- Claude Cahun, photographer
- André François, cartoonist
- Jean Dunand-Gotscho, sculptor, painter, lacquerer (Jewish mother)
- Marcel Gotlieb, cartoonist
- Michel Kikoine, painter
- Moise Kisling, Polish-born French painter
- Pinchus Krémègne, painter
- Jacques Lipchitz, Lithuanian-born French artist
- Amedeo Modigliani, Italian-born French artist
- Jules Pascin, painter (Jewish grandfather) (Jewish by religion)
- Camille Pissarro, painter (Jewish father)
- Man Ray, U.S.-born French artist
- Sonia Rykiel, fashion designer
- Marc Chagall, Belarusian-born French artist
- Joann Sfar, cartoonist
- Chaim Soutine, Belarusian-born French painter
- Pauline Trigère, fashion designer
- Ossip Zadkine, sculptor (Jewish father)
[edit] Writers and poets
- Tristan Bernard, playwright & novelist
- Henri Bernstein, playwright
- Paul Celan, poet
- Laurent Cohen-Tanugi, writer, lawyer
- Jerome Federman, writer
- Romain Gary, novelist
- Eugène Ionesco, playwright (possible Jewish mother)
- Max Jacob, poet (later converted to Catholicism)
- Edmond Jabès, poet
- Joseph Joffo, writer
- Gabriel Josipovici, novelist (French born) (Jewish Year Book 2005 p215)
- Gustave Kahn, poet & art critic
- Joseph Kessel, novelist & journalist
- Jacques Lanzmann, writer
- Bernard-Henri Lévy, writer & philosopher
- Justine Lévy, novelist [17] "En plus, je me sens complètement juive"
- André Maurois, author
- Albert Memmi, novelist & sociologist
- Patrick Modiano, writer (Jewish father)
- Michel de Montaigne, essayist (mother of Jewish descent)
- Irène Némirovsky, writer
- Georges Perec, novelist
- Marcel Proust, writer (Jewish mother)
- Yasmina Reza, playwright
- Claude Sarraute, journalist, writer
- Nathalie Sarraute, writer
- Jean-Jacques Schuhl, writer
- Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, journalist, co-founder L'Express
- Anne Sinclair, political journalist; wife of Dominique Strauss-Kahn
- André Spire
- André Suarès, poet [18]
- Tristan Tzara, poet
- Ilarie Voronca, poet & essayist
[edit] Business figures
- Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet & Maurice Lévy, founder and head of Publicis Groupe
- Moïse de Camondo, banker
- Isaac & Daniel Carasso, founders of Danone
- André Citroën, founder of Citroën
- Marcel Dassault (born Marcel Bloch), aerospace industrialist
- David David-Weill, banker
- Pierre David-Weill, banker
- Michel David-Weill chairman of Lazard LLC Partners
- Achille Fould, financier
- Maurice Girodias, founder of Olympia Press (Jewish father)
- Philippe Kahn, founder of Borland
- Alexandre, Simon & Elie Lazard, founders of Lazard Frères
- Michel Adam Lisowski, founder and president of Fashion TV
- Gerard Louis-Dreyfus, billionaire owner of Louis-Dreyfus & Co.
- Armand, Georges, Maurice & Paul Marciano, founders of GUESS
- André Meyer, French/American financier
- Jean-Pierre Meyer Deputy Chairman in L'Oreal cosmetics
- Jean-Charles Naouri, financier
- Emile Pereire, banker
- Isaac Pereire, banker
- Rothschild banking & wine growing family of France
- Pierre Wertheimer, co-founder of Chanel
- Alain & Gerard Wertheimer, billionaires owners of Chanel
[edit] Sport figures
- Ossip Bernstein, chess grandmaster
- Alain Calmat, figure skater
- François Cevert, racing driver (Jewish father)
- Robert Cohen, boxer: World Bantamweight Champion
- Pierre Darmon, tennis player
- René Dreyfus, racing driver
- Alphonse Halimi, boxer: World Bantamweight Champion
- Maurice Herzog, mountaineer : first 8000 m : mountain Annapurna (1950)
- Dawid Janowski, chess grandmaster
- Savielly Tartakower, chess grandmaster
- Jean Taubenhaus, chess master
- Daniel Wildenstein, racehorse owner
[edit] Other public figures
- Ilan Halimi, murder victim
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ Aja - [1] "Aaron's character, Doug, was wearing a Jewish Star necklace around his neck, and for me, that kind of caught me off guard; not too many characters in horror films are Jewish. I wanted to ask Alex what his decision was for making Doug Jewish. His answer surprised the heck out of me; it's because Alex is Jewish. "It was in the script that his name was Bukowski, but it was really in the sub-text. On set, Aaron realized that in reading the script, I put a lot of myself in there, in the character; he realized that I was always wearing the Star of David and he said 'I would like to have that also as a detail.' And I said 'Sure.'" There's hope for us Jews in horror films after all!!"
- ^ Jewish Chronicle 16 Feb 2001 p31: "Jean-Pierre Aumont ... returned to fight for his country despite the danger to him as a Jew."
- ^ Bernhardt - [2] "Bernhardt was a 19th century Jewish actress"
- ^ Charvet - [3] "Hot babe and TV host Brooke Burke, 34, just got engaged to hunky Jewish actor David Charvet, also 34. (Burke is Jewish on her mother’s side.)"
- ^ Melville - [4] "Melville, a French Jew who was born Jean-Pierre Grumbach"
- ^ Rosenfeld - [5] "In February 2006, Rosenfeld was one of many French Jewish celebrities..."
- ^ Boltanski - [6] "Renowned French Jewish artist Christian Boltanski talks to Kathimerini... My Jewish grandfather came to the country to work as a laborer... It may seem extreme to you, but when I take my clothes to the local dry cleaner I don’t give my real surname, which is Jewish. I don’t even tell taxi drivers that I’m Jewish. I don’t believe that I’m in danger, but I do feel better when I don’t reveal my identity. It can’t be said that France is a country with an anti-Semitic mentality, but things aren’t always rosy. Both the extreme right and left are anti-Jewish. Rightly so, sometimes. But they’ve formed a strange alliance on this theme."