User:Ling.Nut/ELSA
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Endangered Languages in South America a subpage of WikiProject endangered languages and language revitalization
Note:
- The contents of the tables need to be checked -- probably many of these are now extinct languages.
- Languages known to be extinct will receive an explicit value of 0 in the Speakers column, with appropriate referencing as a footnote, for later removal to a separate page.
- The Source provides one source which identifies this language as endangered. The source of specific population information should be provided as a footnote in the Speakers field.
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Contents |
[edit] Argentina
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ona language | 1 to 3 (1991 Adelaar) | Ethnologue | ona | Ona | |
| Puelche language | 5 or 6 | Ethnologue | pue | Puelche | |
| Tehuelche language | 4 (2000 W Adelaar) 200 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | teh | Tehuelche | |
| Vilela language | 20 (1981 Buckwalter) | Ethnologue | Vilela |
| Language | Ethnonym | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chané language | Red Book | ||||
| Chiriguano language | Red Book | ||||
| Chorote language | Red Book | ||||
| Guaraní Correntino language | Red Book | ||||
| Gününa Yajich language | Red Book | ||||
| Mapuche language | Red Book | ||||
| Mbyá language | Red Book | ||||
| Mocoví language | Red Book | ||||
| Nivaclé language | Red Book | ||||
| Ona language | Red Book | ||||
| Pilagá language | Red Book | ||||
| Quichua Santiagueño language | Red Book | ||||
| Tapieté language | Red Book | ||||
| Tehuelche language | Red Book | ||||
| Toba language | Red Book | ||||
| Vilela language | Red Book | ||||
| Wichi language | Red Book | ||||
| Yahgan language | Red Book |
[edit] Bolivia
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| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baure language | 13 (2000 Adelaar) 631 (2000) | Ethnologue | brg | Baure | |
| Itonama language | 10 (2000 Crevels) 5,090 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | ito | Itonama | |
| Leco language | 20 (2001 Simon van de Kerke) 80 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | lec | Leco | |
| Pacahuara language | 17 (2000 W Adelaar) 18 (2000 Adelaar) | Ethnologue | pcp | Pacahuara | |
| Reyesano language | Possibly a few speakers (2000 W Adelaar) 4,118 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | rey | Reyesano | |
| Uru language | 2 (2000 W Adelaar) 142 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | ure | Uru |
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apolista language (Lapachu) | Apolista | example[1] | Red Book | ||
| Araona language | Red Book | aro | Araona language | ||
| Ayoreo language | Red Book | ||||
| Baure language | Red Book | ||||
| Boróro language | Red Book | ||||
| Callahuaya language | Red Book | ||||
| Canichana language | Red Book | ||||
| Cavineña language | Red Book | ||||
| Cayuvava language | Red Book | ||||
| Chácobo language | Red Book | ||||
| Chané language | Red Book | ||||
| Chimane language | Red Book | ||||
| Chipaya language | Red Book | ||||
| Chiquitano language | Red Book | ||||
| Chorote language | Red Book | ||||
| Chulupí-Ashlushlay language | Red Book | ||||
| Esse Ejja language | Red Book | ||||
| Guaraní Chiriguano language | Red Book | ||||
| Guarayo language | Red Book | ||||
| Ignaciano language | Red Book | ||||
| Itonama language | Red Book | ito | Itonama language | ||
| Jorá language | Red Book | ||||
| Leko language | Red Book | ||||
| Machineri language | Red Book | ||||
| Mataco language | Red Book | ||||
| Moré language | Red Book | ||||
| Mosetén language | Red Book | ||||
| Movima language | Red Book | ||||
| Pacahuara language | Red Book | ||||
| Paunaca language | Red Book | ||||
| Pauserna-Guarasugwé language | Red Book | ||||
| Reyesano language | Red Book | ||||
| Saraveca language | 0 | Red Book | sar | Saraveca | |
| Sirionó language | Red Book | ||||
| Tacana language | Red Book | ||||
| Tapieté language | Red Book | ||||
| Toba language | Red Book | ||||
| Toromona language | Red Book | ||||
| Trinitario language | Red Book | ||||
| Uru language | Red Book | ||||
| Yaminahua language | Red Book | ||||
| Yuki language | Red Book | ||||
| Yuracaré language | Red Book |
[edit] Brazil
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amanayé language | 60 (2000 C Jensen) | Ethnologue | [1] | ||
| Anambé language | 7 (1991 SIL) 77 (1993 SIL) | Ethnologue | [2] | ||
| Apiacá language | 2 (1986 Rodrigues) 90 (2000 C Jensen) | Ethnologue | [3] | ||
| Arikapú language | 6 (1998 SIL) | Ethnologue | [4] | ||
| Aruá language | 12 (1990) 40 (2000 C Jensen). | Ethnologue | [5] | ||
| Arutani language | 17 in Brazil (1986 SIL)Population total all countries: 19. | Ethnologue | [6] | ||
| Aurá language | 2 (2004 SIL). | Ethnologue | [7] | ||
| Cafundo Creole language | 40 (1978 M Gnerre, U Estadual de Campinas). | Ethnologue | [8] | ||
| Guató language | 40 (1993 SIL) 382 (1993 SIL). | Ethnologue | [9] | ||
| Himarimã language | 40. | Ethnologue | [10] | ||
| Jabutà language | 5 (1990). | Ethnologue | [11] | ||
| Júma language | 4 (1998)There were 300 in 1940. | Ethnologue | [12] | ||
| Karahawyana language | 40 (1995 SIL). | Ethnologue | [13] | ||
| Karipuná language | 12 to 15 (2000 SIL). | Ethnologue | [14] | ||
| Katawixi language | 10 (1986 SIL). | Ethnologue | [15] | ||
| KatukÃna language | 1 (1976 SIL) 360. | Ethnologue | [16] | ||
| Kreye language | 30 (1995 SIL). | Ethnologue | [17] | ||
| Mapidian language | 50 in Brazil (1986 Howard). | Ethnologue | [18] | ||
| Matipuhy language | 40 (1995 AMTB). | Ethnologue | [19] | ||
| Mondé language | 30 (1995 AMTB). | Ethnologue | [20] | ||
| Ofayé language | 15 (2002) 37 (1995 AMTB). | Ethnologue | [21] | ||
| Omagua language | There may be none left in Brazil (1995). | Ethnologue | [22] | ||
| Oro Win language | 5 (1996 SIL) 55 (1998). | Ethnologue | [23] | ||
| Puruborá language | 2 (2002 SIL). | Ethnologue | [24] | ||
| Sikiana language | 33 in Brazil (1986 SIL)Population total all countries: 48. | Ethnologue | [25] | ||
| Tariano language | 100 in Brazil (1996 A Aikhenvald) 1,500 in Brazil (1985 Rodrigues). | Ethnologue | [26] | ||
| Torá language | 40 (1990) 120 (1990 YWAM). | Ethnologue | [27] | ||
| Tremembé language | Ethnologue | [28] | |||
| Xetá language | 3 (1990 SIL) 100 to 250 (1986 SIL). | Ethnologue | [29] | ||
| Xipaya language | 2 (2000 SIL). | Ethnologue | [30] |
[edit] Chile
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qawasqar language | 20 (1996 Oscar Aguilera)Population includes 10 in Puerto Edin. | Ethnologue | [31] | ||
| Yámana language | 1 (2003) 100 (2000 W Adelaar). | Ethnologue | [32] |
| Language | Ethnonym | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atacameño language | Red Book | ||||
| Aymara language | Red Book | aym ayr ayc |
Aymara (generic) |
||
| Huilliche language | Red Book | ||||
| Kawésqar language | Alacaluf | Red Book | alc | Kawésqar language | |
| Kunza language | Red Book | ||||
| Mapuche language | Red Book | ||||
| Ona language | Red Book | ||||
| Yahgan language | Red Book |
[edit] Colombia
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cabiyarà language | 50 (1976 Bourgue). | Ethnologue | cbb | Cabiyara | |
| Tariano language | 332 in Colombia (1998 Arango and Sánchez). | Ethnologue | tae | Tariano | |
| Tinigua language | 2 (2000) 2 | Ethnologue | tit | Tinigua | |
| Totoro language | 4 (1998 Arango and Sánchez) 3,650 (1998 Arango and Sánchez) | Ethnologue | ttk | Totoro | |
| Tunebo, Angosturas language | 50. | Ethnologue | tnd | Tunebo |
[edit] Ecuador
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Záparo language | 1 (2000 SIL) 170 (2000 M R Wise SIL). | Ethnologue | [33] |
| Language | Ethnonym | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achuar-Shiwiar language | Red Book | ||||
| Awapit language | Red Book | ||||
| Chachi language | Red Book | ||||
| Cofán language | Red Book | ||||
| Êpera language | Red Book | ||||
| Huaorani language | Red Book | ||||
| Secoya language | Red Book | ||||
| Shuar language | Red Book | ||||
| Siona language | Red Book | ||||
| Teteté language | Red Book | ||||
| Tsafiqui language | Red Book | ||||
| Záparo language | Red Book |
[edit] French Guyana
| Language | Ethnonym | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arawak language | Red Book | ||||
| Emérillon language | Red Book | ||||
| Galibi language | Red Book | ||||
| Palikur language | Red Book | ||||
| Wayana language | Red Book | ||||
| Wayãpi language | Red Book |
[edit] Guyana
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berbice Creole Dutch language | 4 or 5 (1993 S Kouwenberg)15 with limited competence (1989 J Holm). | Ethnologue | [34] | ||
| Mapidian language | Ethnologue | [35] | |||
| Mawayana language | 50 (1986 Howard). | Ethnologue | [36] |
| Language | Ethnonym | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akawaio language | Red Book | ||||
| Arekuna language | Red Book | ||||
| Kariña language | Red Book | ||||
| Lokonó language | Red Book | ||||
| Makushi language | Red Book | ||||
| Patamona language | Red Book | ||||
| Wapishana language | Red Book | ||||
| Warao language | Red Book |
[edit] Paraguay
| Language | Ethnonym | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aché language | Red Book | ||||
| Angaité language | Red Book | ||||
| Ava-Guaraní language | Red Book | ||||
| Ayoreo language | Red Book | ||||
| Enlhet language | Red Book | ||||
| Guaná language | Red Book | ||||
| Guaraní-Ñandeva language | Red Book | ||||
| Guarayo language | Red Book | ||||
| Ishir language | Red Book | ||||
| Maká language | Red Book | ||||
| Manjui language | Red Book | ||||
| Mbyá language | Red Book | ||||
| Nivaclé language | Red Book | ||||
| Paï-Tavyterä language | Red Book | ||||
| Sanapaná language | Red Book | ||||
| Toba-Maskoy language | Red Book | ||||
| Toba-Qom language | Red Book |
[edit] Peru
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cahuarano language | 5 (1976 SIL). | Ethnologue | [37] | ||
| Chamicuro language | 2 (2000 Adelaar) 10 to 20 (2000 Adelaar). | Ethnologue | [38] | ||
| Iñapari language | 4 (1999 SIL). | Ethnologue | [39] | ||
| Iquito language | 35 (2002 SIL)1 monolingual 500. | Ethnologue | [40] | ||
| Isconahua language | 82 (2000 WCD). | Ethnologue | [41] | ||
| Jebero language | 2,000 to 3,000 (2000 W Adelaar). | Ethnologue | [42] | ||
| Mashco Piro language | 20 to 100 (1976 SIL)All are completely monolingual. | Ethnologue | [43] | ||
| Muniche language | 3 (1988 SIL). | Ethnologue | [44] | ||
| Omagua language | 10 to 100 in Peru (1976 SIL)Population total all countries: 10 to 100 627 (1976). | Ethnologue | [45] | ||
| ResÃgaro language | 14 (1976 SIL). | Ethnologue | [46] | ||
| Taushiro language | 1 (2002 SIL) 20. | Ethnologue | [47] |
| Language | Ethnonym | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achuar-Shiwiar language | Red Book | ||||
| Aguaruna language | Red Book | ||||
| Amahuaca language | Red Book | ||||
| Andoa-Shimigae language | Red Book | ||||
| Arabela language | Red Book | ||||
| Bora language | Red Book | ||||
| Cahuarano language | Red Book | ||||
| Campa Asháninca language | Red Book | ||||
| Campa Ashéninca language | Red Book | ||||
| Campa Caquinte language | Red Book | ||||
| Campa Nomatsiguenga language | Red Book | ||||
| Candoshi-Shapra language | Red Book | ||||
| Capanahua language | Red Book | ||||
| Cashibo-Cacataibo language | Red Book | ||||
| Cashinahua language | Red Book | ||||
| Chamicuro language | Red Book | ||||
| Chayahuita language | Red Book | ||||
| Cholón language | Red Book | ||||
| Cocama-Cocamilla language | Red Book | ||||
| Culina language | Madija | 1300[2] | Red Book | cul | Culina |
| Culle language | Red Book | ||||
| Ese Eja language | Red Book | ||||
| Harakmbut language | Red Book | ||||
| Huambisa language | Red Book | ||||
| Huitoto language | Red Book | ||||
| Iñapari language | Red Book | ||||
| Iquito language | Red Book | ||||
| Jaqaru language | Red Book | ||||
| Jebero language | Red Book | ||||
| Machiguenga language | Red Book | ||||
| Matsés-Mayoruna language | Red Book | ||||
| Munichi language | 0[3] | Red Book | myr | Munichi | |
| Ocaina language | Red Book | ||||
| Omagua language | 10 to 100 in 1976 | Red Book | |||
| Orejón language | Red Book | ||||
| Piro language | 20 to 100 in 1976 | Red Book | |||
| Resígaro language | Red Book | ||||
| Secoya language | Red Book | ||||
| Sharanahua language | Red Book | ||||
| Shipibo-Conibo language | Red Book | ||||
| Taushiro language | Red Book | ||||
| Ticuna language | Red Book | ||||
| Urarina language | Red Book | ||||
| Wariapano language | Red Book | ||||
| Yagua language | Red Book | ||||
| Yaminahua language | Red Book | ||||
| Yanesha language | Red Book | ||||
| Yora language | Red Book |
[edit] Suriname
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akurio language | 10 (2000 E.B. Carlin) | Ethnologue | ako | [48] | |
| Sikiana language | 15 in Suriname (2001 Carlin) 50 | Ethnologue | sik | [49] |
| Language | Ethnonym | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akuriyo language (Akurio) | 10 in 2000 | Red Book | |||
| Carib language | Red Book | ||||
| Lokonó language | Red Book | ||||
| Mawayana language | Red Book | ||||
| Sikïiyana language (Sikiana) | 15 speakers in Suriname in 2001 | Red Book | |||
| Trio language | Red Book | ||||
| Tunayana language | Red Book | ||||
| Wayana language | Red Book |
[edit] Venezuela
| Language | Ethnonym | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arutani language | 2 in Venezuela (2002 SIL) Eth: 39 (2002 SIL) | Ethnologue | atx | Arutani | |
| Mapoyo language | 3 (2000 Muller) 120 | Ethnologue | mcg | Mapoyo | |
| Pémono language | 1 (2000 M-C Mattei Muller) | Ethnologue | pev | Pamono | |
| Sapé language | 5 (1977 E Migliazza) 25 or fewer (1977 Migliazza). | Ethnologue | spc | sapao | |
| Sikiana language | Ethnologue | sik | Sikiana | ||
| Yabarana language | 20 to 50 (1977 Migliazza) | Ethnologue | yar | Yabarana |
| Language | Ethnonym | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akawaio language | Red Book | ||||
| Añún language | Red Book | ||||
| Baniva language | Red Book | ||||
| Baré language | Red Book | ||||
| Barí language | Red Book | ||||
| Cuiba language | Red Book | ||||
| Guahibo language | Red Book | ||||
| Guajiro language | Red Book | ||||
| Hoti language | Red Book | ||||
| Kariña language | Red Book | ||||
| Kurripako language | Red Book | ||||
| Lokonó language | Red Book | ||||
| Mako language | Red Book | ||||
| Makushi language | Red Book | ||||
| Mandahuaca language | Red Book | ||||
| Mapoyo language | Red Book | ||||
| Ñengatú language | Red Book | ||||
| Panare language | Red Book | ||||
| Patamona language | Red Book | ||||
| Pemón language | Red Book | ||||
| Pepojivi language | Red Book | ||||
| Piapoko language | Red Book | ||||
| Piaroa language | Red Book | ||||
| Puinave language | Red Book | ||||
| Sapé language | Red Book | ||||
| Sáliva language | Red Book | ||||
| Sanéma language | Red Book | ||||
| Tunebo language | Red Book | ||||
| Uruak language | Red Book | ||||
| Warao language | Red Book | ||||
| Warekena language | Red Book | ||||
| Yabarana language | Red Book | ||||
| Yanam language | Red Book | ||||
| Yanomam language | Red Book | ||||
| Yanomami language | Red Book | ||||
| Yaruro language | Red Book | ||||
| Yavitero language | Red Book | ||||
| Yekuana language | Red Book | ||||
| Yukpa language | Red Book |
[edit] References
- ^ Ref, Dummy (2006). The Completely Imaginary Book of Language Statistics. New York:DummyRef Publications.
- ^ Boyer, Cindy and Jim Boyer (2001). Culina (Madija) Bani Tahimari cuentos de animales. Mexico AFD:Instituto Linguistico de Verano.
- ^ Gibson, Michael L. 1996. El Munichi: Un idioma que se extingue. Serie Lingüística Peruana, 42. Pucallpa: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano
