Liberal State Party

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The Liberal State Party, "the Freedom League" (LSP, Dutch: Liberale Staatspartij "de Vrijheidsbond"), was a Dutch conservative-liberal political party from 1921 to 1948. It is historically linked to the VVD, a major Dutch political party.

1 Party History
- 1.1 Name
2 Ideology & Issues
3 Representation
- 3.1 Municipal and Provincial government
4 Electorate
5 Pillarisation
6 See also

[edit] Party History

The LSP was founded in 1921 as a merger of the mainstream liberal Liberal Union, the conservative liberal League of Free Liberals, the minor Economic League and the one-man-parties the Neutral Party and the Middle Class Party. They were joined by the General Political Party, who lacked parliamentary representation. These were all the liberal parties in the Netherlands except for the progressive-liberal VDB. The merger was forced by the constitutional revision of 1918 implementing universal suffrage and proportional representation. The two biggest parties (the Liberal Union and the League of Free Liberals) had lost a considerable number of seats with the implementation of universal suffrage, while the other three parties had profited from the system of proportional representation.

During its entire existence the LSP lost seats, the party started with ten seats in 1922 and was left with only four in 1937. Unlike other social groups, the liberals did not build up a structure of pillarized organisations around it: therefore liberal voters were relatively independent from the League and were easily attracted by new political parties, like the National-Socialist Movement. Although the party was very small it was part of coalition cabinet two times between 1933 and 1937 in the second and third cabinets of Hendrikus Colijn. In 1939 several individual League-members were involved in the short-lived fifth cabinet Colijn.

In 1941, after the Netherlands was invaded in 1940 by the Germans, the party was forbidden. In 1946, af the Netherlands was liberated, the Liberal State Party was reformed to the Freedom Party. Which in 1948 became the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

In 1963 a group of VVD-members tried to rekindle the "Freedom League" flame, but they were unable to gain seats in the elections and dissolved.

[edit] Name

The party was official founded as the "Freedom League" ("Vrijheidsbond"), during the 1920s the party adopted the name Liberal State Party, "the Freedom League" (Liberale Staatspartij, "de Vrijheidsbond"), after 1937 it adopted the name Liberal State Party ("Liberale Staatspartij").

[edit] Ideology & Issues

The LSP was a conservative-liberal party. Personal freedom was their most important principle. It therefore defended a small state and was in favour of free trade. Government should however be involved in providing social security for the extremely poor and pensions for the elderly. It defended public education. Internationally it favoured international (mutual) disarmament and the gradual implementation of autonomy for the Dutch Indies.

[edit] Representation

In this table the election results of the LSP in Tweede Kamer, Eerste Kamer and Provincial elections is represented, as well as the party's political leadership: the fractievoorzitter, is the chair of the parliamentary party and the lijsttrekker is the party's top candidate in the general election, these posts are normally taken by the party's leader. The party's leader can also be in cabinet.

Year	TK	EK	PS	Fractievoorzitter	Lijsttrekker	Cabinet
1922	10	1	77	Anton van Gijn	multiple	opposition
1923	10	1	56	Anton van Gijn	no elections	opposition
1924	10	1	56	Anton van Gijn	no elections	opposition
1925	9	6	56	Anton van Gijn	multiple	opposition
1926	9	6	56	Anton van Gijn	no elections	opposition
1927	9	6	63	Anton van Gijn	no elections	opposition
1928	9	6	63	Anton van Gijn	no elections	opposition
1929	8	6	63	Anton van Gijn	multiple	opposition
1930	8	6	63	Hendrik Knottenbelt	no elections	opposition
1931	8	6	58	Hendrik Knottenbelt	no elections	opposition
1932	8	6	58	Hendrik Knottenbelt	no elections	opposition
1933	7	6	58	Steven Bierema	no elections	opposition
1934	7	6	58	Steven Bierema	no elections	opposition
1935	7	6	33	Steven Bierema	no elections	Jacob Kalff
1936	7	6	33	Steven Bierema	no elections	Otto van Lidth de Jeude
1937	4	4	33	Steven Bierema	multiple	Otto van Lidth de Jeude
1938	4	4	33	Steven Bierema	multiple	Otto van Lidth de Jeude
1939	4	4	35	Steven Bierema	multiple	opposition

[edit] Municipal and Provincial government

The party was particularly strong in urban municipal and provincial governments. The party supplied several mayors of larger cities, such as Pieter Droogleever Fortuyn in Rotterdam

In the following figure one can see the election results of the provincial election of 1931 per province. It shows the areas where the LSP is strong, namely South Holland and too a lesser extent Gelderland and North Holland. The party is very weak in rural and catholic Limburg and Brabant.

Province	Result (seats)
Groningen	5
Friesland	4
Drenthe	6
Overijssel	4
Gelderland	8
Utrecht	4
North Holland	8
South Holland	11
Zeeland	6
North Brabant	1
Limburg	1

[edit] Electorate

The LSP mainly received support from theatheists or latitudinarian protestants from higher classes: businessmen, civil servants, wealthy farmers, and voters with free professions (lawyers, doctors etc.). The party performed particularly well in the major trading cities Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the rich municipalities around Hilversum and the Hague and in northern rural provinces, like Groningen and Drenthe.

[edit] Pillarisation

The LSP lacked a real system of pillarized organisations around it. 'Neutral' organisations, which were not linked to a pillar, often had friendly relations with the LSP. This included the general broadcasting association AVRO (Algemene Verenigde Radio Omroep, General United Radio Broadcasting Organisation), the general union ANWV (Algemene Nederlandse Werkelieden Vereniging, the General Dutch Workers' Association), furthermore the neutral employers' organisation VNO and the financial paper Het Handelsblad had good relations with the League. Together with the other liberal party, the VDB, these organisation formed the weak general pillar.