Lexington, Kentucky
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| Lexington, Kentucky |
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| Nickname: "Athens of the West" "Horse Capital of the World" | ||
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| Coordinates: | ||
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| Country | United States | |
| State | Kentucky | |
| Counties | Fayette | |
| Mayor | Jim Newberry (R)(Mayor-Elect) | |
| Area | ||
| - City | 285.5 mi² / 739.5 km² | |
| - Land | 284.5 mi² / 736.9 km² | |
| - Water | 1.0 mi² / 2.6 km² | |
| Elevation | 298 m | |
| Population | ||
| - City (2000) | 266,358 | |
| - Density | 353.5/km² | |
| - Metro | 429,889 | |
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | |
| - Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | |
| Website: http://www.lfucg.com/ | ||
Lexington, Kentucky, United States, known as the "Horse Capital of the World," is located in the heart of the Bluegrass region. It is the second-largest city in Kentucky, after Louisville,[1] and the 70th largest in the United States. On January 1, 1974 Lexington became the first municipality in the Commonwealth of Kentucky to form a consolidated city-county government by merging with Fayette County. In 2005, the population estimate given by the U.S. Census Bureau was 268,080.
Lexington is home to the Kentucky Horse Park, Keeneland race course, the Red Mile race course, Transylvania University and the University of Kentucky (UK). The area code (859) spells out UKY. UK's basketball program is immensely popular in the city, and the University of Kentucky Wildcats basketball team have won more games than any other team in college basketball history.
Lexington has been selected to be the site of the 2010 World Equestrian Games [7].
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[edit] History
- See also: History of Kentucky
Lexington was founded in June 1775 in Virginia (17 years before Kentucky became a state). A party of frontiersmen, led by William McConnell, camped on the Middle Fork of Elkhorn Creek (today called Town Branch and rerouted under Vine Street) at the location known today as McConnell Springs. Upon hearing of the colonists' victory in the Battles of Lexington and Concord, on April 19, 1775, they named their campsite Lexington after Lexington, Massachusetts. Due to the danger of Indian attacks, permanent settlement was delayed for four years. In 1779, Colonel Robert Patterson and 25 companions came from Fort Harrod and erected a blockhouse. Cabins and a stockade were soon built, making the fort a place of importance. The town of Lexington was established on May 6, 1782, by an act of the Virginia General Assembly.
By 1820, it was one of the largest and wealthiest towns west of the Allegheny Mountains. So cultured was its lifestyle, Lexington gained the nickname "Athens of the West." One early prominent citizen, John Wesley Hunt, became the first millionaire west of the Alleghenies. Slaves were widely held and used as laborers, field hands and domestic servants in Kentucky. In 1850, 1/5 of the state's population were slaves, and Lexington had the highest concentration of slaves in the state. However, the state attempted to remain neutral during the Civil War. Not only were both Abraham Lincoln and Confederate President Jefferson Davis born in Kentucky (less than one year and 100 miles apart), but both had spent time in Lexington. Davis attended Transylvania University in 1823 and 1824. Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, was born and raised in Lexington; the couple visited the city several times after their marriage in 1842.
Lexington hosted one of the first drug rehabilitation clinics, known as the "Addiction Research Center," which opened in 1935 [8]. It also has a Federal Prison. The first alcohol and drug rehabilitation hospital in the United States of America was also know as "Narco" of Lexington, as well as the "Addiction Research Center". It is now home of a Federal Prison.
[edit] Geography
Fayette County consists of 283 square miles (733 km²) of gently rolling plateau in the center of the inner Bluegrass Region. The area is noted for its beauty, fertile soil, excellent pastureland, and horse and stock farms. Poa pratensis (bluegrass) thrives on the limestone beneath the soil's surface, playing a major role in the area's scenic beauty and in the development of champion horses. Numerous small creeks rise and flow into the Kentucky River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 739.5 km² (285.5 mi²). 736.9 km² (284.5 mi²) of it is land and 2.6 km² (1.0 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.35% water.
[edit] Climate
Lexington is in the transition area between a humid continental climate and a humid subtropical climate.
The average temperature in Lexington is 54.9 °F (13 °C). Annual precipitation is 45.68 inches (1,200 mm). Lexington and the Bluegrass have four distinct seasons that include cool plateau breezes, moderate nights in the summer, and no prolonged periods of heat, cold, rain, wind, or snow.
Lexington has the dubious distinction of being recognized as the #1 worst city for spring allergies in the fall of 2005 by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America [9]. Louisville came in at #4 in that same time period. The results for spring of 2006 have since moved Lexington to #75 and Louisville to #12.
[edit] Cityscape
Lexington features a diverse cityscape. From its vibrant downtown that features much-needed infill projects to its famed horse farms, the city prides itself in featuring an urban growth boundary that includes greenbelts and strict zoning definitions. This has been done to not only protect the Bluegrass landscape from further sprawling development, but to ensure that tourism, one of its leading industries, is not affected.
The city is home to several notable skyscrapers. The Lexington Financial Center is currently the tallest building, followed by Kincaid Towers, and then the World Trade Center complex. It is also home to many other notable structures, and to many new urban developments within two major districts. It also has many uncompleted projects, ranging from the 41 floor World Coal Center to an elevated park above Vine Street [2] and the Harrison Avenue viaduct.
[edit] Government and politics
In 1974, the governments of the city of Lexington and Fayette County, Kentucky combined to create the current Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government. Lexington has an elected mayor and city council-style of government.
[edit] Mayor
On November 7, 2006, Jim Newberry was elected Mayor of Lexington [3]. In January 2007, he will succeed Teresa Isaac, the city's mayor since 2000, making Lexington the largest American city with an Arab-American mayor [4].
[edit] Urban County Council
The Urban County Council is a fifteen-member legislative group. Twelve of the members represent specific districts and serve two-year terms; three are elected city-wide as at-large council members and serve four-year terms. The at-large member with the highest number of votes in the general election automatically becomes the Vice Mayor who, in the absence of the Mayor, is the presiding officer of the Council. The current council members are:
- Mike Scanlon: Vice Mayor
- Chuck Ellinger II: At-Large
- David B. Stevens, MD: At-Large
- George Brown, Jr: 1st District
- Jacques Wigginton: 2nd District
- Dick DeCamp: 3rd District
- Linda Gorton: 4th District
- Bill Farmer, Jr: 5th District
- Kevin O. Stinnett: 6th District
- Bill Cegelka: 7th District
- George Myers: 8th District
- Jay McChord: 9th District
- Sandy Shafer: 10th District
- Richard Moloney: 11th District
- Ed Lane: 12th District
[edit] Law enforcement
Primary law enforcement duties within Lexington are the responsibility of the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government Division of Police. The Division of Police resulted from the merger of the Lexington Police Department with the Fayette County Patrol in 1974. The Fayette County Sheriff's Office is responsible for court service, including court security, prisoner transport, process and warrant service, and property tax collection. In addition, the University of Kentucky Police Department, the Transylvania University Department of Public Safety, Blue Grass Airport Public Safety, and the Kentucky Horse Park Police have jurisdiction within their geographic areas.
[edit] Demographics
The estimated 2000 population of Lexington-Fayette was 260,512. The Lexington-Fayette Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes Fayette and Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Madison, Scott, and Woodford counties. As of 2005, the MSA population stands at 507,638, an increase of 63,636 since 1995 [5].
The Lexington-Fayette-Frankfort-Richmond, KY Combined Statistical Area, established in 2005, had an estimated population of 635,547 in 2005. This includes the metro area and an additional seven counties, although Garrard County was excluded even though it is an important commuter county. [10].
As of the census2 of 2000, there were 260,512 people, 108,288 households, and 62,915 families residing in the city. The population density was 353.5/km² (915.6/mi²). There were 116,167 housing units at an average density of 157.6/km² (408.3/mi²).
The racial makeup of the city was:
81.04% White
13.48% African American
0.19% Native American
2.46% Asian
0.03% Pacific Islander
1.21% from other races
1.58% from two or more races
3.29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 108,288 households out of which:
27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them
43.5% were married couples living together
11.5% had a female householder with no husband present
41.9% were non-families
31.7% of all households were made up of individuals
7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.
The age distribution was:
21.3% under the age of 18
14.6% from 18 to 24
33.2% from 25 to 44
20.9% from 45 to 64
10.0% who were 65 years of age or older
The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $39,813, and the median income for a family was $58,677. Males had a median income of $36,166 versus $26,964 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,109. 12.9% of the population and 8.2% of families were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those 65 and older.
There are over 230 churches, mosques and synagogues in Lexington, representing 38 denominations.
[edit] Economy
Since the early 1950's, Lexington's economy has increasingly become a manufacturing, technology-oriented, and university oriented economy. There are three public universities, five private colleges, and two theological seminaries located within the Lexington CSA. In addition, the city plays an integral part in the region as being the leading medical and commercial center.
As such, Lexington is home to several large corporations. There are two Fortune 500 companies located within the city: Affiliated Computer Services and Lexmark International, employing 1,200 and 3,450 respectively [6] Trane and Amazon.com, Inc. have a large presence in the city, and Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky is within the Lexington CSA in Georgetown. The city has a Jif peanut butter plant that produces more peanut butter than any other factory in the world.
The University of Kentucky employs 10,668 [6]. Not included in that tally is the College of Agriculture’s Cooperative Extension Service, which has a staff of over 900 [7]. The University is the ninth largest economic company in the state of Kentucky, with an annual budget of $1.4 billion. The College of Medicine within the University is the 21st largest company in the state.
Other sizeable employers rest with the government of Lexington-Fayette County and its hospital facilities. This includes the Fayette County Public Schools, employing 4,651, and the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government, employing 3,936. Central Baptist Hospital, St. Joseph Hospital, and the Veterans Administration Hospital employ 6,206 total.
[edit] Education
- See also: List of schools in Lexington, Kentucky
According to the United States Census, of Lexington's population over the age of twenty-five, 22.4% hold a bachelor's degree, 11.4% hold a master's degree, and 3.1% hold a professional degree. Just 2.6% hold a doctorate degree. Lexington was also ranked #10 in a list of America's most educated cities with a population of more than 250,000, ranked by percentage of bachelor's degrees among residents 25 and older [8].
The city is served by the Fayette County Public Schools. The system consists of seven high schools, 11 middle schools, and 33 elementary schools. Three private schools also serve Lexington.
The city also plays host to eight colleges, most notably the University of Kentucky. Other colleges include Bluegrass Community and Technical College, Sullivan University, Spencerian College, Transylvania University, and a newly opened extension of Indiana Wesleyan University.
[edit] Culture
[edit] Annual cultural events and fairs
Lexington is home to several events and fairs that draw people from throughout the Bluegrass.
Taking part the first full weekend of June is the Festival of the Bluegrass, Kentucky's oldest bluegrass music festival. It includes three stages for music and a "music camp" that teaches the bluegrass music to school children.
"Southern Lights: Spectacular Sights on Holiday Nights" [11], taking place from November 18 to December 31, is held at the Kentucky Horse Park. It includes a three-mile drive through the park, showcasing numerous displays, many in character with the horse industry and history of Lexington. The "Mini-Train Express", an indoor petting exotic animal petting zoo, the International Museum of the Horse, an exhibit showcasing the Bluegrass Railway Club's model train, and Santa Claus are other major highlights.
Other events and fairs include:
- A Midsummer Night's Run in early August.
- The Lexington Philharmonic Orchestra presents several annual concerts. [12]
- The Kentucky Womens Writer's Conference which has hosted dozens of the nations foremost women writers.
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[edit] Historical structures and museums
Lexington is home to numerous museums and historical structures. One of the most famous is Ashland: The Henry Clay Estate along Richmond Road east of downtown. This two-story museum is a National Historic Landmark and was the former home of statesman Henry Clay.
Another important museum is the Lexington History Center in the old Fayette County Courthouse in the heart of downtown. It offers two museums, one dedicated to the history of the region and the other dedicated to public safety. A third museum, devoted to the history of pharmaceuticals in the Bluegrass, is under construction.
- Arboretum
- Aviation Museum of Kentucky
- The Headley-Whitney Museum
- The Hunt-Morgan House
- Kentucky Theatre
- Lexington Cemetery
- Martin Castle
- Mary Todd Lincoln House
- Old Morrison, on the Transylvania University campus
- Rupp Arena
- UK Basketball Museum
- Water Fuel Museum
- Waveland State Historic Site
[edit] Media
Lexington's largest daily circulating newspaper is the Lexington Herald-Leader. It is also home to another daily circulating newspaper, two weekly publications, and several bi-weekly and monthly papers. The region is also served by seven primary television stations, including WLEX, WKYT, WTVQ, The CW, WKLE, also known as Kentucky Educational Television (KET). It is also host to eighteen radio stations.
[edit] Parks and outdoor attractions
Lexington is home to two historic horse racing tracks. Keeneland, sporting live races in April and October since 1936, is steeped in tradition where much has not changed since the track's opening. The Red Mile Harness Track is the oldest horse racing track in the city, and second oldest in the nation. This is where horses pull two-wheeled carts called sulkies while racing, also referred to as harness racing. The Kentucky Horse Park, located along scenic Iron Works Pike, is a relatively late-comer to Lexington, opening in 1978. It is a working horse farm and an educational theme park, along with holding the distinction of being a retirement home for some of the world's greatest competition horses. It will play host to the 2010 World Equestrian Games [13].
The city also plays host to historic McConnell Springs, a 26-acre park within the industrial confines off of Old Frankfort Pike [9]. There are two miles of trails that surround the namesake springs, historic dry-laid stone fences, and historical structures.
Raven Run Nature Sanctuary is a 470 acre establishment along the Kentucky River Palisades [9]. There are over ten miles of hiking trails, with one that provides a scenic overlook of the canyon-like limestone highwalls along the river.
Lexington also has two public 18-hole disc golf courses at Shillito Park and at Veterans Park. The city also has three dog parks, at Jacobson Park, Masterson Station Park, and Coldstream Park. The city's only public skate park is at Woodland Park, featuring 12,000 square feet of "ramps, platforms, bowls, and pipes." Numerous other facilities, such as Shillito Park, offer baseball diamonds, picnic facilities, and swimming pools [9].
[edit] Sports
Lexington is home to the Lexington Legends, a Class A minor league affiliate of the Houston Astros. Since its creation in 2001, Lexington has produced three major leaguers, the first being John Buck (Catcher) who plays for the Kansas City Royals, followed by Kirk Saarloos (Starting Pitcher) who is with the Oakland Athletics and Mike Gallo (Relief Pitcher), who is currently with the Astros. The Legends belong to the SAL (South Atlantic League), have one league title (2001) and 4 playoff appearances since 2001. Future Hall of Fame hurler Roger Clemens pitched in one game for the Legends in 2005 as part of his preparation to return to the Houston Astros.
The Lexington Horsemen are an indoor football team in the United Indoor Football league.
The University of Kentucky fields 22 varsity sports teams, most of which compete in the Southeastern Conference. The most famous team by far is the men's basketball team, The University of Kentucky Wildcats.The Kentucky Men's Basketball team has won 7 NCAA Championships and is the winningest program in college basketball history.
Transylvania University competes in NCAA Division III athletics.
Lexington was also home to the Kentucky Thoroughblades, a minor league ( AHL) hockey team that played between 1996 and 2001. From 2002-2003, the ECHL Men O' War played minor league hockey in Lexington.
In addition, Lexington is home to two horse racing tracks. At Keeneland, thoroughbred horses race while at The Red Mile harness racing is the featured competition.
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[edit] Transportation
[edit] Highways
Lexington is serviced by both Interstate 64 and Interstate 75, though neither they nor any other freeway run through the city proper. New Circle Road (KY 4) acts as an inner-beltway around the city, Man o' War Boulevard is a semi outer-beltway south of New Circle Road, and numerous U.S. routes and arterial highways radiate out from downtown to provide access to the numerous bedroom communities ringing the metropolitan area. Citation Boulevard is planned to provide some relief to northern New Circle between Leestown Road and Russell Cave Road. Lexington suffers considerable traffic congestion for a city of its size due to the lack of out- or inbound freeways, the proximity of the University of Kentucky to downtown, and the substantial number of commuters from outlying towns.
[edit] Air
Lexington is accessible by air with approximately 100 direct and nonstop flights daily from two runway Blue Grass Airport. Six major airlines operate out of Blue Grass, including American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Continental Airlines, Northwest Airlines, United Airlines, and US Airways.
The airport is located four miles (six km) west of the city along US 60 (Versailles Road).
[edit] Public transportation
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Lexington is served by the public transit city bus system called LexTran, running eight routes from 5 AM to Midnight all week from a bus transit center in the downtown area. LexTran is a private company partially funded by the city government. In 2004, the system recieved additional funding from a vote to increase Lexington's property tax.
[edit] Transportation Planning
The Lexington Area Metropolitan Planning Organization is responsible for transportation planning for Fayette and Jessamine Counties. This includes activities such as carpool matching, administering a commuter vanpool program, air quality forecasting, bicycle and pedestrian planning, congestion management, and developing transportation plans and documents.
[edit] Sister cities
Lexington has four sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):
Deauville, France since 1957
County Kildare, Ireland since 1984
Shizunai, Japan since 1988
Newmarket, England since 2003
All four are, like Lexington, major centers of the thoroughbred breeding industry in their respective countries.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Official website of Lexington, Kentucky
- Official website of Fayette County Public Schools
- Official website of Fayette County Sheriff
- Official website of Lexington Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ Lexington was briefly Kentucky's largest city by 10,000 people, from the 2000 Census until January 1, 2003, when Louisville merged with Jefferson County.
- ^ Davis, Merlene. "Architects design park to be built over viaduct." 11 Oct. 1984. Herald-Leader [Lexington]. 16 Nov. 2006.
- ^ "Isaac concedes to Newberry for Lexington Mayor." Herald-Leader [Lexington]. 7 Nov. 2006 [1].
- ^ The Arab American Institute web site.
- ^ Lexington, KY MSA Population. Census Bureau. 28 Aug. 2006 [2].
- ^ a b Major Employers. Commerce Lexington. 31 Aug. 2006 [3].
- ^ University of Kentucky Facts At A Glance. University of Kentucky. 31 Aug. 2006 [4].
- ^ Christie, Les. "America's smartest cities." CNNMoney. 31 Aug. 2006. 2 Sept. 2006 [5].
- ^ a b c Parks. Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government. 31 Aug. 2006 [6].
- Bolin, James Duane. Bossism and Reform in a Southern City: Lexington, Kentucky, 1880-1940 (2000) ISBN 0-8131-2150-7.)
