Levofloxacin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Levofloxacin
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido [1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 100986-85-4 |
| ATC code | J01MA12 S01AX19 |
| PubChem | 149096 |
| DrugBank | APRD00477 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C18H20N3FO4 |
| Mol. weight | 361.368 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 99% |
| Protein binding | 24 to 38% |
| Metabolism | Renal |
| Half life | 6 to 8 hours |
| Excretion | Urinary |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
C (United States) |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | Oral, IV, Ophthalmic |
Levofloxacin is an advanced generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, marketed by Ortho-McNeil under the trade name Levaquin in the US. In Europe, it is marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the trade name of Tavanic, and in Asia it is marketed by Daiichi under the trade name of Cravit. Levofloxacin was launched in the Japanese market in 1993, and thus has had more than 12 years of testing in efficacy and safety globally. Chemically, levofloxacin is the S-enantiomer (L-isomer) of ofloxacin, and has approximately twice the potency of ofloxacin.
Levofloxacin is effective against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Because of its broad spectrum of action, levofloxacin is frequently prescribed empirically for a wide range of infections (e.g. pneumonia, urinary tract infection) before the specific causal organism is known. If the causal organism is identified, levofloxacin may be discontinued and the patient may be switched to an antibiotic with a narrower spectrum of activity. Levofloxacin is currently the only respiratory fluoroquinolone approved by the US FDA for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia.
As approved by the US FDA
[edit] Gram-positive bacteria
- Enterococcus faecalis (many strains are only moderately susceptible)
- Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis (methicillin-susceptible strains)
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (including Multidrug-resistant strains, MDRSP)
- Streptococcus pyogenes
[edit] Gram-negative bacteria
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Escherichia coli
- Legionella pneumophila
- Serratia marcescens
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Haemophilus parainfluenzae
- Proteus mirabilis
- Campylobacter
[edit] Other
- More bacterial coverage is available as per presribing information for levofloxacin in Japan (Cravit)
Some information extracted from Levaquin Prescribing information.
| Quinolones (J01M) edit | ||
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| Fluoroquinolones: |
Ciprofloxacin, Enoxacin, Fleroxacin, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Grepafloxacin, Levofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Prulifloxacin, Rufloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Temafloxacin, Trovafloxacin, Sitafloxacin |
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| Other quinolones: |
Cinoxacin, Flumequine, Nalidixic acid, Oxolinic acid, Pipemidic acid, Piromidic acid, Rosoxacin |
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