Legion of Mary
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- For other uses, see Legion of Mary (disambiguation).
- For the new religious movement in Africa, see Legio Maria.
The Legion of Mary (Latin: Legio Mariae) is an association of Catholic laity who serve the Church on a voluntary basis. It was founded in Dublin, Ireland, by the Catholic layman Frank Duff, and has today over three million Active members worldwide. The number of the Auxiliary members is estimated to about ten million.
To be in the Legion of Mary, one must be a practising Catholic. Active members serve God under the banner of Mary by practicing the Spiritual Works of Mercy. The main apostolate of the Legion consists in missionary activities directed towards people from the margins of society (homeless, prostitutes, prisoners etc.) and towards non-Catholics. The members of the Legion are also engaged in a wide variety of works of charity.
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[edit] History
The Legion of Mary was founded by Frank Duff on September 7, 1921 in Dublin. His idea was to help Catholic laypeople fulfill their baptismal promises and be able to live their dedication to Jesus Christ and the Church in an organised structure, supported by fellowship and prayer.
The Legion was first only open to women; the first men apart from Duff himself joined it in 1929. The legionaries first started out by visiting hospitals, but they were soon active among the most destitute, notably among Dublin prostitutes. Frank Duff subsequently laid down the system of the Legion in the Handbook of the Legion of Mary in 1928.
The Legion of Mary soon spread from Ireland to other countries and continents. At first, the Legion often met with mistrust due to its dedication to lay apostolate which was unusual for the time. Only after Pope Pius XI expressed praise for the Legion in 1931, could such mistrust be quelled.
Most prominent for spreading the Legion was the Irish legionary Edel Mary Quinn for her activities in Africa during the 1930s and 40s. Her dedication to the mission of the Legion even in the face of her ill health due to tuberculosis brought her great admiration in- and outside of the Legion. A beatification process is currently under way for her, as also for Frank Duff himself. At the end of each Legion meeting, the legionaries pray for the beatification of the founder of their organization.
[edit] The System of the Legion
[edit] Structure
The Legion is set up like a Roman Army, starting with the Praesidium, which is the lowest group, and going up from there. Praesidia generally meet weekly in parishes. The Curia is the next level up, and one Curia supervises several Praesidium. The next level is the Regia, which is in charge of several Curiae, usally over a large area, like a state. The Senatus is the next highest level, and it generally has control over the Regiae in a very large area, usually a country or very large territory. The Concilium is the highest level, in Dublin, Ireland, and it has control over all of the Legion.
Each level of the Legion of Mary has the same officers. The President, the Vice President, the Secretary, the Treasurer, and the Spiritual director. The latter must be a priest or a religious. All other offices are held by laymen or -women.
[edit] Membership
[edit] Entering and leaving the Legion
Membership is open to all baptized members of the Catholic Church. From the second attended meeting on, a person is considered to have a preliminary membership. This preliminary period may last up to six months, after which he or she has to decide whether to fully enter the Legion or leave it.
Members who enter the Legion have to give the "Legion promise", a Pledge of allegiance to the Holy Spirit and to Mary according to a fixed formula. Spiritual directors of the Legion may also give this promise, but are not required to do so.
Membership in the Legion of Mary is essentially based on discipline and commitment, not on a formal system. There is no written contract and no membership fee, apart from voluntary donations. Leaving the Legion can thus be done in an informal way: by informing the Praesidium that one is leaving or by simply stopping to attend Legion meetings.
[edit] Types of membership
Active members: They regularly attend the weekly sessions of their praesidium and pray daily the prayer of the Legion, the Catena Legionis, which consists essentially of the Magnificat and some shorter prayers. Their main role lies in active apostolate for the Legion and the Church.
Auxiliary members: They support the Legion through their prayer. They pray the whole booklet of Legion prayers, the Tessera, every day. The Tessera consists of the Invocation, prayers to the Holy Spirit, the Rosary, the Catena, and the concluding prayers of the Tessera.
Praetorians: This is a higher grade of active membership. Additionally to their duties as active members, Pretorians pray the Rosary, the Divine Office and go the Holy Mass daily.
Adjutors: A higher grade of auxiliary membership. Adjutors additionally pray the Divine Office and go to Holy Mass daily.
Praetorians and Adjutors do not have higher status or higher rank inside the Legion system. The meaning of these grades is only a desire for a more devotional life, not for higher status. Entering the grade is done by registering with a list of Praetorians/Adjutors and by subsequently observing their duties.
[edit] Legion meetings
The praesidia of the Legion normally meet weekly, larger entities normally monthly or at even rarer occasions.
For all sessions, the Altar of the Legion is set up (see picture). This consists of a wooden statue of the Virgin Mary (represented as a bare-headed girl standing on a globe, her arms extended, crushing the serpent with her foot) that is placed on a white tablecloth that has "Legio Mariae" written on it. On the two sides of the statue are placed two vases with flowers, often roses (the flower connected with Mary). On the front ends of the cloth stand two candlesticks with burning candles. On the right side of Mary, the vexillium Legionis (standard of the Legion) is placed. It is made out of metal and onyx and shows the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove, as well as the Miraculous Medal.
During the meetings, all prayers of the Tessera are said. The sessions start out with the introductory prayers to the Holy Spirit and Mary. These include five decades of the Rosary. The following part of the session includes a spiritual reading and administrative matters. Each member tells in short words how he or she has fulfilled their tasks asssigned to them at the previous session. They also discuss and/or read a chapter from the Handbook of the Legion. Then the Catena Legionis is prayed, afterwards the Spiritual director or (if he is absent) the President holds a short sermon about spiritual matters (allocutio). Finally, the new tasks for the legionaries are distributed. Each meeting ends with the concluding prayers of the Tessera and a prayer for Frank Duff's beatification.
[edit] Spirituality
The spirituality of the Legion of Mary is essentially based on the approach of St. Louis-Marie Grignon de Montfort as put forward in his book True Devotion to Mary. Grignion the Montfort promoted a "total dedication" to Christ through devotion to his mother Mary.
Another important element that shaped Legion spirituality was Frank Duff's devotion to the Holy Spirit. He promoted the (in popular devotion often neglected) adoration of the Third Person of the Trinity through the Virgin Mary, whom he saw as the "visible image" of the Spirit. This is why the introductory prayers and the Legion promise are directed to the Holy Spirit and the vexillium Legionis bears its image in the form of a dove.
The essential aim of the Legion of Mary is the sanctification of its members through prayer, the sacraments and devotion to Mary and the Trinity, and of the whole world through the apostolate of the Legion.
The idea of an organization where ordinary laypeople in all situations of life would work for their own sanctification and for the conversion of the world was groundbreaking for its time. Only when the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) promoted such ideas in its documents did such an approach gain wider acceptance in the Catholic Church.
