Layback spin
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A layback is a spin in figure skating in which the torso is bent backwards and the free leg is lifted toward the back, typically in an attitude position.
A layback spin can also be performed with the torso leaning more towards the side, in which case it is known as a side layback or sideways-leaning spin. This variation is used by skaters who lack back flexibility or who have difficulty balancing while arching back.
Other variations of the layback spin include ones where the free leg is gradually lowered so that it finally almost touches the ice. This variation is often used by skaters whose normal layback leg position is somewhat weak, such as 9-time U.S. Champion Michelle Kwan. Various hand and arm positions are included to create individuality and artistry in the spin, including leg grabs. The Biellmann position is considered a difficult variation under the new judging system, and performing one after eight revolutions in other layback positions adds a "feature."
The spin was invented by Cecilia Colledge of Great Britain in the 1930's. A flying layback spin is listed in the official USFSA rulebook, but it is almost never performed. In addition, it is possible to perform a back layback spin, but due to the difficulty it is rarely performed either.
In competitive figure skating, the layback or sideways-leaning spin is a required element for ladies in the short program. Relatively few male skaters perform this spin as it is considered feminine.[citation needed] In addition, most males lack the back flexibility required by the position (a problem that is known to plague some female skaters as well). Recently, however, some male skaters such as Daisuke Takahashi use it to add difficulty in combination spins.
The spin is usually taught initially as the attitude spin, with only the leg behind in an attitude position. Once the skater can balance in that position, which is rather awkward at first, the skaters begin practising the spin with an arch.
