Lauraceae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

iLauraceae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Laurales Family: Lauraceae Juss.
Genera
Many; see text

The Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family contains about 55 genera and over 2000 (perhaps as many as 4000) species world-wide, mostly from warm or tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and Brazil. Most are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but Sassafras and one or two other genera are deciduous, and Cassytha is a genus of parasitic vines.

Trees of the laurel family predominate in the world's laurel forests, which occur in a few humid subtropical and mild temperate regions of the northern and southern hemispheres, including the Macaronesian islands, southern Japan, Madagascar, and central Chile.

There are three main economical uses for this family. A high content of ethereal oils are found in many Lauraceae. Ethereal oils are important sources for spices and perfumes. Avocados are important oil-rich fruit that are now planted in warm climates across the world. The hard wood of several species is a source for timber around the world.

Among the best known genera are the following, having species used in commerce:

• Cinnamomum: Cinnamon, Cassia and Camphor Laurel
• Laurus: Bay Laurel
• Lindera: Spicebush
• Persea: Avocado
• Sassafras: Sassafras

[edit] Genera

Actinodaphne Adenodaphne Aiouea Alseodaphne Anaueria Aniba Apollonias Aspidostemon Beilschmiedia Brassiodendron Caryodaphnopsis Cassytha Chlorocardium Cinnadenia Cinnamomum Clinostemon

Cryptocarya Dahlgrenodendron Dehaasia Dicypellium Dodecadenia Endiandra Endlicheria Eusideroxylon Gamanthera Hexapora Hypodaphnis Iteadaphne Kubitzkia Laurus Licaria

Lindera Litsea Machilus * Mezilaurus Mocinnodaphne Mutisiopersea Nectandra Neocinnamomum Neolitsea Nothaphoebe Ocotea Paraia Parasassafras Persea Phoebe

Phyllostemonodaphne Pleurothyrium Potameia Potoxylon Povedadaphne Ravensara Rhodostemonodaphne Sassafras Sextonia Sinosassafras Syndiclis Triadodaphne Umbellularia Urbanodendron Williamodendron Yushunia

(*: Machilus is often included in Persea as a subgenus)

[edit] References

• Lauraceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.
• Kostermans, André Joseph Guillaume Henri 1957. Lauraceae. Reinwardtia 4(2): 193-256
• Meissner (né Meisner), Carl Daniel Friedrich 1864. Lauraceae (Ordo 162) in A. L. P. P. de Candolle (ed.), Prodromus Systematis Universalis Regni Vegetabilis 15(1): 1-260, Parisiis [Paris], Victoris Masson et Filii.
• Mez, Carl Christian 1889. Lauraceae Americanae Monographice Descripsit. Jahrbuch des Königlichen Botanischen Gartens und des Botanischen Museums zu Berlin 5: 1-556.
• Nees von Esenbeck, Christian Gottfried Daniel (1836): Systema Laurinarum, Berlin, Veitii et Sociorum. Until the page 352, available, free, on pdf files in Gallica
• Rohwer, Jens G. in Kubitzki, K.(Editor) 1993. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol.2: K. Kubitzki, J. G. Rohwer & V. Bittrich, 366-390. ISBN 3-540-55509-9
• Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i. Spec. Publ. 83. University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press. Bishop Museum. 1854 pp.