Lansing-Ishii Agreement

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The Lansing-Ishii Agreement (石井ランシング協定, Ishii-Ranshingu Kyotei^?) was a diplomatic note signed between the United States and the Empire of Japan on 2 November 1917 over their disputes with regards to China.

In the published text of the Agreement, signed by United States Secretary of State Robert Lansing and Japanese special envoy Ishii Kikujiro, both parties pledged to uphold the Open Door policy in China, with respect to its territorial and administrative integrity. The United States government also acknowledging that Japan had special interests in China due to its geographic proximity, especially in those areas of China adjacent to Japanese territory.

In a secret protocol attached to the public Agreement, both parties agreed not to take advantage of the special opportunities presented by World War I to seek special rights or privileges in China at the expense of other nations allied in the war effort against Germany.

At the time, the Lansing-Ishii Agreement was touted as evidence that Japan and the United States had laid to rest their increasingly acrimonious rivalry over China, and the Agreement was hailed as a landmark in US-Japan relations. However, critics soon realized that the vagueness and differing possible interpretations of the Agreement meant that nothing had really been decided after two months of talks. The Lansing-Ishii Agreement was abrogated in April 1923, when it was replaced by the Nine-Power Treaty.