Language development

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Language development is a process that starts early in human life where a person goes onto acquiring language by learning it as it is spoken and by mimicry. Usually, language starts off as a remembrance of simple words without associated meaning, but as one ages, words acquire meaning and connections between words are formed. As one ages, sentences start to form as words are constructed together to create logical meaning. As a person gets older, new meanings and new associations are created and vocabulary increases as more words are learned.

Children use their faces, bodies, vocal cries and other preverbal vocalizations to communicate their wants, needs and dispositions. Even though most children will begin to vocalize and eventually verbalize at various ages and at different rates, they will learn their first language without conscious instructions from parents or caretakers. It is a seemingly effortless task that grows increasingly difficult with age. Of course, before any learning can begin, the child must be biologically and socially mature enough.

Biological Preconditions Linguists do not all agree on what biological factors contribute to language development, however most do agree that our ability to acquire such a complicated system is specific to the human species. Furthermore, our ability to learn language may have been developed through the evolutionary process and that the foundation for language may be passed down genetically.

Social Preconditions It is crucial that a child is allowed to socially interact with other humans who can vocalize and respond to questions. For language acquisition to develop successfully, the child must be in an environment that allows them to communicate socially in that language.

There are a few different theories as to why and how children develop language. The most popular explanation is that language is acquired through imitation. However, this proves to be more of a folk tale than anything. The two most accepted theories in language development are psychological and functional. Psychological explanations explore the mental processes during children’s minds as they learn language. Functional explanations look at the social processes involved in learning the first language.