Landsat 1
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| Landsat 1 | |
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| Launch | |
| Date | July 23, 1972 |
| Vehicle | Delta 900 |
| Site | Vandenberg AFB |
| Orbit Characteristics | |
| Reference system | WRS-1 |
| Type | Sun-synchronous, near-polar |
| Altitude | 917 km (570 mi) |
| Inclination | 99.2° |
| Repeat cycle | 18 days |
| Swath width | 185 km (115 mi) |
| Equatorial crossing time | 9:30 AM +/- 15 minutes |
Landsat 1, originally named Earth Resources Technology Satellite 1, was a modified version of the Nimbus 4 meteorological satellite. It was launched on July 23, 1972, the first satellite of the United States' Landsat program. The near-polar orbiting spacecraft served as a stabilized, Earth-oriented platform for obtaining information on agricultural and forestry resources, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water resources, geography, cartography, environmental pollution, oceanography and marine resources, and meteorological phenomena.
To accomplish these objectives, the spacecraft was equipped with (1) a three-camera return beam vidicon (RBV) to obtain visible light and near infrared photographic images of Earth, (2) a four-channel multispectral scanner (MSS) to obtain radiometric images of Earth, and (3) a data collection system (DCS) to collect information from remote, individually equipped ground stations and to relay the data to central acquisition stations. Landsat 1 carried two wide-band video tape recorders (WBVTR) capable of storing up to 30 min of scanner or camera data to give the spacecraft's sensors a near-global coverage capability.
An advanced attitude control system consisting of horizon scanners, sun sensors, and a command antenna combined with a freon gas propulsion system permitted the spacecraft's orientation to be maintained within plus or minus 0.7 degrees in all three axes. Spacecraft communications included a command subsystem operating at 154.2 and 2106.4 MHz and a PCM narrow-band telemetry subsystem, operating at 2287.5 and 137.86 MHz, for spacecraft housekeeping, attitude, and sensor performance data. Video data from the three-camera RBV system was transmitted in both real-time and tape recorder modes at 2265.5 MHz, while information from the MSS was constrained to a 20 MHz rf bandwidth at 2229.5 MHz.
In 1976, Landsat 1 discovered a tiny uninhabited island 20 km off the eastern coast of Canada. This island was thereafter designated Landsat Island after the satellite. As of 2006, it is the only island to be discovered via satellite imagery.
The spacecraft was turned off on January 6, 1978, when cumulative precession of the orbital plane caused the spacecraft to see almost constant sunlight which led to overheating.
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