Komati (caste)
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Komati, also self identified as Arya Vysya, is a caste of the Telugu speaking community in Andhra Pradesh, India. They are also found in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. The people of this caste are mainly in business and trade activities.
The Vysya(trading) caste, enjoyed the monopoly in trading activities for centuries, by virtue of their birth, thus becoming modern India’s corporate and business class.
Komatis are generally vegetarians and some orthodox Vysyas follow the rituals of Brahmins but a few of them are also meat eating. Sri Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari Devi is the Goddess or Kula Devatha of Komatis.
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[edit] Komati etymology
The Komatis are said to have originally lived and still live in large numbers on the banks of the Godavari River. One of the local names for it is Gomati or Gomti, and the Sanskrit name for the river Godavari is Gomati. So the people who lived on the banks are called as Gomati, corrupted in Telugu as Komati. Others say that the word comes from go-mati, meaning cow-minded.
[edit] History
Between 1921 to 1931, the Viceroy of Madras Presidency had implemented a commission which helped the people in their community to register their community with changes in the name if any. The Vysya Association (1905) registered the community Komati as Arya Vysyas and that's why they are now called Arya Vysyas. This way they called themselves arya or noble. This should not be considered as a racial term as all of them belong to the dravidian stock and speak dravidian languages. A majority are telugu speakers and take pride in their dravidian culture. [1]
[edit] Sri Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari Devi
South India is the Treasure House of many temples. Among them Sri Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari temple situated in Penugonda, a town in the West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. The temple is a fascinating multi-colored (Gali Gopuram) seven storied tower with a beautiful architecture. This Penugonda Kshetram is considered as the ‘Kasi of Vysyas' and is a holy place for Vysyas.
King Kusuma Sresti was the king of Vysyas who's Kingdom was part of Vengi desha, which was ruled by Vishnu Vardhana (Vimaladitya Maharaju). His capital was Penugonda (Jestasailam) city for all the 18 paraganas during 10th and 11th century A.D. He and his wife Kusumamba were considered an ideal couple and led a peaceful domestic life. They worshiped Lord Siva (Nagareswara Swamy) as the part of their daily duties.
Though they had been married for many years, the couple did not have peace of mind as there was no successor to the kingdom. Their many prayers and sacrifices did not bear fruit and hence they were grief stricken. They approached their Kula guru (family Teacher) Bhaskar Acharya. He advised them to perform Puthra Kamesti Yaga, which Dasharatha had observed.
During the auspicious hour, the couple started the yoga. The Gods were pleased and sent prasadam (blessed fruit from god) through Yagneswara(fire God). They were told that they would beget children after eating prasadam. With devotion they ate the Prasadam and within a few days the signs of pregnancy was found with Kusumamba. She expressed unusual desires, which indicated that she would give birth to children who would fight for the welfare of all.
[edit] Birth of Vasavi Devi
During spring season, there was pleasure everywhere. Amidst this beauty, Kusumamba gave birth to twins, one male the other female on Friday the tenth of Vaisaka (Telugu month) at twilight during convergence of Uttara Nakshatra and Kanya (Virgo). The male child was named Virupaksha, and the female Vasavamba. During childhood, Virupaksha showed the features of becoming a powerful king, whereas in Vasavi, the inclination towards art & architecture, adoration music and philosophical approach were seen.
Under the guidance of Bhaskar Acharya, Virupaksha learnt the Vedas, fencing, horse riding, martial arts, archery, statecraft etc.., which were essential to rule a country. Vasavi learnt fine arts and mastered philosophy and was proud to be an intelligent woman.
[edit] Vishnu Vardhana
When Virupaksha attained proper age he married Rathnavathi, daughter of Aridhisresti of Aelur Town. The huge gathering thought that even Vasavi's marriage would one day also be observed with the same pomp and grandeur.
When King Vishnu Vardhana went on expedition to expand his empire, he visited Penugonda, where King Kusumasresti received him and took him in a procession and arranged a felicitation program in the colorful auditorium. After Manamatha (God of Romance) threw his sweet arrows on him, Vimaladitya (Vishnu Vardhana) spotted Vasavi among the crowd and fell madly in love with her. He felt he could not live without her and was determined to marry her. He sent a minister to enquire about her. The desire of Vishnuvardhana (Vimaladitya) was like a death blow to Kusumasresty. He was neither in a position to accept it nor to deny. The fact that the Emperor was already married, was much older, the difference in caste and the fact that he was not in a position to prevent this from occurring all caused extreme stress for Kusumasresti.
He discussed these issues with his closest family and friends and they unanimously decided to let Vasavi decide. Vasavi frankly expressed her desire to be a Virgin throughout her life and intended not to concentrate on worldy matters.
Kusumasresti sent a denial message to king Vishnuvardhana. The king was furious and sent a Battalion with orders to attack mercilessly and to get Vasavi for him. The brave Vysyas of Penugonda by using the techniques of Sama, Dhana, Bheda and finally Danda, defeated Vishnuvardana's army.
[edit] Community reaction
At this crucial juncture, Kusumasresti called for Great Conference of the Chief of all the 18 cities and the leaders of all 714 Gotras in the presence of Bhaskar Acharya.
In the conference, there was difference of opinion. The Chiefs of 102 Gotras made a firm decision thought that "Those who are born must die and cowards die many times before their death but the valiant taste death but once. Even if the opponent is stronger, can't the spark burn a heap of straw? Hence, let us fight for a good cause. Whereas, the leaders of the other 612 gotras felt that the matrimonial alliance would be safer and more beneficial."
Bhaskar Acharya said: "We must safeguard our respect even at the cost of our lives". These words acted as a catalyst for Kusumasresti. Even though they formed a minority he was determined not to give his daughter Vasavi in marriage to the king. With this incident, the unity of the Vysyas was broken. The Emperor, like an injured Cobra, took the lead of his huge army with strong determination to destroy his opponents. In Penugonda necessary arrangements were made with the supporters of the 102 Gotras to face the consequence.
[edit] Vasavi Devi's reaction
Vasavi, entered into scene and said: "Why should there be bloodshed among ourselves for the sake of a Girl? Why sacrifice the lives of soldiers for our selfish desire. It is better to give up the idea of war. Instead, let us rebel in a novel way. We can control war through non-violence and self-sacrifice. Only people with strong will power and moral strength can participate in this kind of self- sacrifice. Vasavi's new idea was delightful to her parents and they decided to act in accordance with Vasavi's directions.
[edit] Athmam Balidhana
As per the directions of Vasavi, at the holy place of Brahmakunda on the banks of Godavari, the royal servants arranged 103 Agnikundas (fire pits) in a special way. The whole city was observing that day as a festival day. Then Vasavi asked the couples of the 102 Gotras: "Will you plunge into this holy fire along with me?" Everyone of them whole heartedly gave their consent. They suspected Vasavi must be an incarnation of God and requested her to show her real nature or swarupa.
She smiled and revealed her true self, which had the glittering radiance surpassing the brightness of sun. She said: "I am the incarnation of Adiparashakthi." To safeguard the dignity of woman and to protect Dharma, to destroy Vishnu Vardhana and to reveal to the world the magnanimity of Vysyas I come here in Kaliyuga. Like Sati Deva who was insulted entered into holy fire, I too plunge into the holy fire and enter the other world. Kusumasresty during last birth was a great Saint by name Samadhi as per his aspirations he could attain salvation along with the people of 102 Gotras. That is why I asked you all to undergo Athmam Balidhana." Vasavi advised the gathering about patriotism, honesty, social service, and tolerance etc.
[edit] Vishnu Vardhana’s death
Devi disappeared as soon as the divine words came out of her mouth and people saw her in human form. Then all of them entered into holy fire after meditating upon their Gods.
Though Vishnuvardhana felt bad Omens, he marched ahead and reached the main entrance of Penugonda. Then his detectives reported what all had happened in the city. He could not bare the great shock and his heart shattered into pieces. He fell down vomiting blood and he was no more.
The self-sacrifice of Vasavi and the end of Vishnuvardhana was the talk of the town. People condemned the deeds of Vishnuvardhana and appreciated the epoch maker Vasavi and her non-violent principle.
[edit] Sri Vasavi Devi's legacy
The son of Vishnuvardhana, Raja Raja Narendra rushed to Penugonda and repented about the incidence. Later on Virupaksha consoled him and said: "Brother, let us learn and formulate the present and future on the strong base of past. Vasavi had come to rescue of the people without giving room for great bloodshed. Her non-violence gave a good result".
Virupaksha visited many pilgrim centers like Kasi, Gaya and other under the guidance of Baskaracharya. To commemorate the pilgrimage they installed 101 lingas for each gotra in Penukonda. Then, Narendra installed a statue of Vasavi as a token of respect. From that day onwards all Vysyas began performing poojas to her and is considered as Vysyakula Devatha-Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari.
Vasavi's life is worth remembering because of her faith in non-violence religious values and her defense of status of women. She became immortal as she has been mainly responsible for the propagation of reputation of Vysyas throughout the world. Vasavi, who had rejected worldly pleasures, won the minds of Vysyas and is the champion of peace and non-violence and will be remembered at all times by one and all.
[edit] Temples of Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari
Sri Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari temple in Penugonda :
Sri Kanyaka Parameshwari Temple, Gandhi Bazzar, Shimoga - 577 202, Karnataka
Sri Kanyaka Parameswari Devasthanam, Kothwal Market, Chennai 600001
Sri Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari Devashthanam, Ammavarishala, Proddatur 516360
Sri Vasavi Kanyaka Parameshwari Devasthanam, Car Street, Tadipatri-515411
Sri Vasavi Kanyakaparameswari Temple, Baireddipalli, Chittoor Dist, Andhra Pradesh Sri kanyakaparameshwari devasthanam,vishveshwarapuram,Bangalore-560004 Sri kanyakaparameshwari devasthanam,Srinagar,Bangalore-560050.
Sri Kanyaka Parameshwari Temple, Big Bazzar, kolar - 563101, Karnataka
== Arya Vysya Nithyanna Satra Details: ==
- Srishylam : Akilha Bharata Srishyla Kestra Aryavysya Nitanna purna satram
- Srishylam : Vasavi Satram, Srishylam - 518101
- Putaparthi : Vasavi Nivasam, Putaparthi - 616134
- Thirumala : Vasavi Bhavan, Thirumala - 517504
- Thirupathi : Vasavi Nilayam, Thirupathi.
- Mantralayam : Aryavysya seva sang, Patel Road, Rayachur - 584101
- Mahanandhi : Vasavi Kanyaka Parmeshwari Satram, Beside main temple, Mahanandhi
- Vijayawada : Sri Kanyaka Parameshwari Anna Satram commity.
- Annavaram : Aryavysya Nityanna satram, Anavaram - 533406
- Vemulawada : S.R.R.K. Aryavysya Vasavi Nityanna Satra Sangam, Vemulawada - 505302
- Ahubilam : Aryavysya Anna Satra Sangam, Ahubilam - 518545
- Yadagiri Gutta : Sri Vasavi kanyaka Parameshwari Aryavysya Nityanna Satra Sangam.
- Bhadrachalam : Sri Vasvi Kanyaka Parameshwari, Aryavysya Nityannadana satram trust, Market Road.
- Basara : Arya indoor Aryavysya Gynana Saraswathi Charitable trust
- Mudhul : Aryavysya Nityanna Satram, Mudhul, Adilabad Dist.
- Shulamgiri : Akhila Baratha Gatikchala Kshethra Aryavysya Nityanna dana Sangam
- Dharmapuri : Sri Laxmi Narasimha Kshethra sri dharmapuri aryavysya vasavi nityanna satra sangam
- Attur, Salem - (Dt), Tamil Nadu : Sri Kannika Parameshwari Devasdhanam, Bazaar Street, Attur - 636 102.
[edit] Other names of trading communities across India
- Aryavysya
- Agarwal
- Agrahari
- Ayodhya Bhansi
- Baasi Baniya
- Kota Bania
- Putili Baniya
- Revari Baniya
- Sunar Baniya
- Bhatia
- Baraseni
- Bharanwal
- Badiyala
- Baniya
- Baderwal
- Dwadasha Shreni
- Desawal
- Diswala
- Doosar
- Gandhavanik
- Garal
- Gavaaru
- Gayoya
- Gurjar
- Gorara
- Harsara
- Harisora
- Jaiswar
- Janarya
- Jarola
- Khadaitha
- Kama
- Kafal
- Kapola
- Kadeslia
- Kaarusha
- Kobe
- Khandewal
- Kesandan
- Kesarwani
- Kalinga Komati
- Beri Komati
- Balie Komati
- Naagar Komati
- Lohia
- Laad
- Lohana
- Maheshwar
- Mahobia
- Mourya
- Mode
- Narasimha Pura Mahajanulu
- Naagar(Dasa-Bis)
- Natakota
- Oswal
- Pareliwal
- Purawal
- Patotia
- Patolia
- Purawaal
- Rastogi
- Rounias
- Srimali
- Souratia
- Sonia
- Suraseni
- Suvarnavanik
- Soratia
- Shah
- Ukkar
- Umar
- Urlaava
- Mathur Vyshya
- Ayodhyawasi Vyshya
- Oswal Vyshya's
- Kumwar Vyshya's
- Vijayavargi
- Vayaad
- Vanik
- Vayodha
In South India Komatis are called Arya Vysyas. They are also called as Guptas, Chettiar, Setty and Chetty. This Arya Vysyas are 102 Gotras Vysyas who jumped into the fire-pit along with Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari Devi.
[edit] Gothras
There are 102 gotras among Arya Vysyas out of 714 gotras of Vysyas. They followed 102 Rishis for conducting their rituals. Surname gotras and Rishis for identification and classification for all the Arya Vysyas are one and the same. The gotras is equivalent of the Sanskrit names of Rishis .
Groups of Vysyas became followers of particular Rishi for conducting their rituals and they claimed to be the followers of that particular Rishi. Thus they are identified by the Rishi name. And for still feature identification they use a pre-fix surname generally indicating the area from which they migrated or the profession to which they belong and other such identification.
For more information please refer to Gothiram List
[edit] Organisations
- VYS - Vasavi Yujana Sangha
- YMVA - Young Men's Vysya Association: Responsible for organizing Community service activities on behalf of Vysyas.
- VLA - Vysya Ladies Association: Same as YMVA but organized by Vysya Women.
- VH - Vysya Hostel: A Boys Hostel for students from Vysya Community.
- Vysya Bhawans are organized by Vysyas at all important pilgrimage places
- AVOPA - Arya Vysya Professionals and Officials Association
- Tamil Nadu Arya Vysya Maha Sabha, Chennai
- AVOGA - Arya Vysya Officials and Graduates Association
[edit] Notes
- vasavi seva kendram at hyderabad provides medical aid and hospitalty services to community as well as others
vasavi club hyderabad @ hyderabad is a 45 years old organization with motto 'felowship to memebersand service to scoity.p.no040-65571943
