Kali-Saṇṭāraṇa Upaniṣad

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The Kali-Saṇṭāraṇa Upaniṣad (कलिसन्तरन) is a Vaishnava Vedantic text associated with the Black Yajurveda. It is the source of the "Hare Krishna" mantra, claiming that "These sixteen words are destructive of the evil effects of Kali Yuga." In the canon of 108 Upanishads, it is counted as number 103.

The Upanishad asserts that whoever recites the mantra 35 million times will be absolved from the sin of the murder of a Brahmin, the theft of gold, sexual intercourse with a woman of a lower caste, or even generally from any sin altogether. With a daily quota of 64 rosaries with 108 beads (4 to 6 hours of chanting), this count would be reached in 14 years.

The Upanishad predates the 16th century when the mantra was popularized by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.