Kalamos

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Kalamos (disambiguation).

Kalamos is a Greek word meaning reed, or reed pen from which comes stories of the Greek mythological figure Kalamos, the son of Maiandros (aka Meander), god of the Meander River.

[edit] Kalamos and Karpos

The story, recounted by Eros to Dionysus in consolation for the loss of his eromenos, Ampelos (in Nonnus's Dionysiaca), tells of the love of Kalamos, the son of Meander, the river god, for the beautiful youth Karpos. Karpos is drowned while the two are engaged in a swimming contest in the Meander river, and in his grief Kalamos allows himself to drown also and is turned into a water reed. The sound of rustling reeds is thought to be Kalamos sighing and lamenting Karpos forever.^[1] It has been suggested that this myth inspired the title for Walt Whitman's "Calamus" poems in Leaves of Grass. The Latin versions of the names Kalamos and Karpos are Calamus and Carpus.

[edit] Etymology of the word Kalamos

Cognates can be found in Sanskrit (kalama, meaning "reed" and "pen" as well as a sort of rice) and Latin (calamus), suggesting the word originates in Proto-Indo European, the parent language of the three. The Arabic word qalam (meaning "pen" or "reed pen") is likely to have been borrowed from one of these languages in antiquity, or directly from Indo-European itself. The Swahili word kalamu ("pen") comes from the Arabic qalam.

From the Latin calamus come a number of modern English words:

calamus (aka Sweet Flag), a wetland reed;
calamari, meaning "squid", via the Latin calamarium, "ink horn" or "pen case", as reeds were then used as writing implements;
calumet, another name for the Native American peace pipe, which was often made from a hollow reed;
shawm, a medieval oboe-like instrument (whose sound is produced by a vibrating reed mouthpiece);
chalumeau register, the lower notes of a clarinet's range (another reed instrument).