Juliusz Słowacki
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Juliusz Słowacki (4 September 1809–3 April 1849) was one of the most famous Polish Romantic poets.
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[edit] Life and work
Słowacki's early work was influenced by Byron and Shakespeare. His work focused on the Romanticism of Northern Europe with the classic tradition of the South. Following the failed November Insurrection 1830 - 1831, Słowacki emigrated as political refugee to France. By 1836 Słowacki embarked on a journey through Italy, Greece, Egypt and Palestine, which he described in his epic poem "Podróż do Ziemi Świętej z Neapolu". He was really a national prophet when he wrote the poem "Papież Słowiański" (The Slavic Pope) in 1848.
In 1844 Słowacki wrote Genezis z Ducha, an exposition of his philosophical ideas (called genesic idea) according to which the material world is an expression of the ever improving spirit capable of progression into ever-new forms. He gathered around himself a group of young exiles who shared his ideals, returning to Poznań, a part of Poland then under Prussian control. He took part in the Wielkopolska Uprising (1848) and on April 27 addressed the National Assembly as they faced military confrontation with the Prussian Army with the words "I tell you that the new age has dawned, the age of holy anarchy." The revolt was crushed.
After the uprising he was sent back to Paris by the Prussian police. On his way he visited Wrocław, where he met his beloved mother for the last time, with whom he exchanged letters for nearly twenty years. Słowacki died in 1849, in Paris. His grave was situated on the Montmartre cementry for seventy-eight years. In 1927 Polish officials transported Słowacki's remains to Wawel castle in Krakow, where he rested near his old poetic enemy - Adam Mickiewicz.
He was a Romantic poet and playwright who came to be appreciated after his death for his skill with language and his lyric philosophical approach to reality.
[edit] Works
[edit] Dramas
- Maria Stuart
- Kordian (1834, performed 1899)
- Balladyna (1835, published 1839, performed 1862
- Horsztyński (1835, published 1866)
- Mazepa (1840, performed in Hungarian 1847, performed in Polish 1851)
- Lilla Weneda (1840, performed 1863)
- Fantazy (1841, published 1866, performed 1867)
- Sen srebny Salomei ("The Silver Dream of Salomea", 1844, performed 1900)
- Książę Niezłomny (1844, performed 1874)
- Samuel Zborowski (1845, published 1903, performed 1911)
[edit] poetry
- W Szwajcarii ("In Switzerland", 1839)
- Król-Duch ("The Spirit King", published partially in 1847 & in full in 1925)
- Podróz do ziemi świętej ("Voyage to the Holy Land", 1866)
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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| Romanticism | |
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| 18th century - 19th century | |
| Romantic music: Beethoven - Berlioz - Brahms - Chopin - Grieg - Liszt - Puccini - Schumann - Tchaikovsky - The Five - Verdi - Wagner | |
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| Visual art and architecture: Brullov - Constable - Corot - Delacroix - Friedrich - Géricault - Gothic Revival architecture - Goya - Hudson River school - Leutze - Nazarene movement - Palmer - Turner | |
| Romantic culture: Bohemianism - Romantic nationalism | |
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