Josyf Cardinal Slipyj
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Josyf Cardinal Slipyj (Ukrainian: Йосип Сліпий) (February 17, 1892—February 7, 1984) was a Ukrainian Eastern Rite Catholic cleric, the leader of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
[edit] Life
He was born in village of Zazdrist, Galicia (in modern Ternopil oblast), then a crownland of Austria-Hungary. He studied at the Lviv Greek Catholic Seminary and Innsbruck University in Austria, before being ordained a priest on June 30, 1917. From 1920 to 1922, he studied at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome and the Pontifical Gregorian University. He returned to Lviv, by then part of Poland, and taught at the seminary, eventually becoming its rector.
On December 22, 1939, with the blessing of Pope Pius XII, Slipyj was ordained as the archbishop of Lviv with the right of succession. The ordination was conducted by Metropolitan Andriy Sheptytsky in secrecy due to the Soviet presence and the political situation. Slipyj became the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church on November 1, 1944, following Sheptytsky's death. He led the church in Nazi occupied Lviv, but was arrested in 1945 by the NKVD as the Nazi occupation ended. After being jailed in Lviv, Kiev, and Moscow, a Soviet court sentenced him to eight years of hard labor in the Siberian Gulag.
His prison writings managed to circulate. In 1957 Pope Pius sent him a congratulatory letter on the 40th anniversary of his ordination to the priesthood. It was confiscated, and also on account of his circulating writings, he was sentenced to seven more years in prison. On January 23, 1963, he was freed by Nikita Khrushchev's administration after political pressure from Pope John XXIII and United States President John F. Kennedy. He arrived in Rome in time to participate in the Second Vatican Council.
In 1949 he had been secretly (in pectore) named a cardinal, but in 1965 he was named publicly. At the time he was the 4th cardinal in Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church history. Beginning in 1969 many Ukrainian bishops lobbied for Slipyj to be named patriarch, but Pope Paul VI refused.
He died in 1984. After the fall of the Soviet Union, his relics were returned to St. George's Cathedral in Lviv in 1992.
[edit] The Shoes of the Fisherman
Slipyj's life story inspired the Australian writer Morris West's 1963 novel The Shoes of the Fisherman. West's protagonist is Kiril Pablovich Lakota, the Metropolitan Archbishop of Lviv, who is freed by the Soviet Premier after twenty years in a Siberian labor camp. He is sent to Rome, where an elderly pope makes him a cardinal. The Pontiff dies, and Lakota finds himself elected Pope Kiril I. The novelty of a Ukrainian pope in a post-Cuba Missile Crisis, Cold War world led to the book being featured on the New York Times Best Seller list. It was the number 1 best seller of the entire year on the Publishers Weekly fiction list.
Hollywood's film version appeared in 1968, starring Anthony Quinn as Lakota/Kiril I and Laurence Olivier as a Soviet villain. It was nominated for two Academy Awards.
Many today regard The Shoes of the Fisherman as prophetic because it preceded by ten years the election of Karol Józef Wojtyła as Pope John Paul II, the first Slavic pope as well as one from a Communist nation, noting even the Kiril/Karol similarity of names. Slipyj, however, the true model for the fictional protagonist, is rarely mentioned in these critical appraisals.
[edit] References
- Pelikan, Jaroslav (1990). Confessor Between East and West. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8028-3672-0.
