Josip Manolić

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Josip Manolić (born 1920) is a Croatian politician who used to be one of the most important public figures in 1990s Croatia.

In his youth, during World War II, Manolić joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and the Partisans. After the war, he became a high-ranking official of OZNA, and later UDBA. One of his duties was to supervise all political prisons in Croatia.

After the Croatian Spring Manolić became a dissident and befriended Franjo Tuđman. He was one of the founders of theCroatian Democratic Union and later emerged as Tuđman's right hand man.

His status was confirmed on August 24, 1990 when he became prime minister, following the departure of Stjepan Mesić, who had left that post in order to serve as the Croatian representative in the Yugoslav collective Presidency. His cabinet was mostly preoccupied with the process that would ultimately lead to Croatia's declaration of independence on June 25, 1991, as well as the rebellion of ethnic Serbs in Krajina.

When Manolić left the office on July 17, 1991, Croatian forces — police and nascent military — were involved in full-scale war with Krajina rebels, who were backed by the Yugoslav federal army. He took another, even more important post of the head of Constitutional Order Protection Office (Ured za zaštitu ustavnog poretka), a body that would coordinate and supervise all Croatian security services. There he built Tuđman's security apparatus, relying mostly on the old cadre from UDBA and other sections of the Communist-era security apparatus. Despite the nature of his work, he remained very much in the public spotlight. In his interviews and statements he gradually gained a reputation of being a moderate. His enormous power, moderate views and Partisan past made him very unpopular among the rank and file of the HDZ party and brought him into conflict with Gojko Šušak, the powerful minister of defence who led a hardline nationalist faction.

In 1993 Manolić was replaced from his post and elected as speaker of the Chamber of Counties. Many saw this as his demotion and fall from Tuđman's favor.

One year later Manolić and Mesić tried to organise a mass defection of HDZ members of Sabor and thus deprive Franjo Tuđman of parliamentary majority. They failed and later, together with other HDZ dissidents, created a new party called Croatian Independent Democrats.

Manolic's attempt to take power on national level failed, but his supporters in the Zagreb County Assembly succeeded in replacing HDZ administration. This led Tuđman to introduce new legislation, merging Zagreb County and the City of Zagreb and calling for new elections, which ultimately resulted in the Zagreb Crisis.

Those elections coincided with the 1995 parliamentary elections, during which HND fared badly, failing to enter Sabor. This prompted Mesić to join the Croatian People's Party, while Manolić tried to mend ties with his former party, becoming a marginalised political figure in the process.