Josephson phase

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In superconductivity, the Josephson phase is the difference of the phases of the quantum mechanical wave function in two superconducting electrodes forming a Josephson junction.

For example, if the macroscopic wave functions Ψ1 and Ψ2 in superconductors 1 and 2 are given by

\Psi_1 = \sqrt{n_s} e^{i\theta_1} \Psi_2 = \sqrt{n_s} e^{i\theta_2}

then the Josephson phase is \phi\ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\ \theta_2-\theta_1.

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