Josef Dobrovský

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Josef Dobrovský (August 17, 1753 – January 6, 1829) was Bohemian philologist and historian, one of the most important figures of the Bohemian national revival.

He was born at Gjermet, near Raab, in Hungary, when his father Jakub Doubravský was temporarily stationed as a soldier there. He received his first education in the German school at Horšovský Týn, made his first acquaintance with Czech language and soon made himself fluent in it at the Německý Brod gymnasium, studied for some time under the Jesuits at Klatovy, and then proceeded to the University of Prague. In 1772 he was admitted among the Jesuits at Brno; but on the dissolution of the order in 1773 he returned to Prague to study theology.

After holding for some time the office of tutor in the family of Count Nostitz, he obtained an appointment first as vice-rector, and then as rector, in the general seminary at Hradisko (now part of Olomouc); but in 1790 he lost his post through the abolition of the seminaries throughout the Habsburg Empire, and returned as a guest to the house of the count. In 1792 he was commissioned by the Bohemian Academy of Sciences to visit Stockholm, Åbo, St Petersburg and Moscow in search of the manuscripts which had been scattered by the Thirty Years' War; and on his return he accompanied Count Nostitz to Switzerland and Italy.

His reason began to give way in 1795, and in 1801 he had to be confined in a lunatic asylum; but by 1803 he had completely recovered. The rest of his life was mainly spent either in Prague or at the country seats of his friends Counts Nostitz and Czernin; but his death took place at Brno, whither he had gone in 1828 to make investigations in the library. While his fame rests chiefly on his labours in Slavonic philology his botanical studies are not without value in the history of the science.

[edit] Most important works

• Fragmentuin Pragense evangelii S. Marci, vulgo autographi (1778)
• a periodical for Bohemian and Moravian Literature (1780-1787)
• Scriptores rerum Bohemicarum (2 vols., 1783)
• Geschichte der bohm. Sprache und altern Literatur (1792)
• Die Bildsamkeit der slaw. Sprache (1799)
• a Deutsch-böhm. Worterbush compiled in collaboration with LeschkPuchmayer and Hanka (1802-1821)
• Entwurf eines Pflanzensystems nach Zahien und Verhältnissen (1802)
• Glagolitica (1807)
• Lehrgebude der böhmischen Sprache (1809)
• institutiones linguae slavicae dialecti veteris (1822)
• Entwurf zu einem allge1deinen Etymologikon der slaw. Sprachen (1813)
• Slowanka zur Kenntniss der slaw. Literatur (1814)
• a critical edition of Jordanes, De rebus Geticis, for Pertz's Monumenta Germaniae Historica

See Palacký, J. Dobrowskys Leben und gelehrtes Wirken (1833).

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.