Joséphin Péladan

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Joséphin Péladan (1858-1918) was a French martinist.

He claimed that a Babylonian King left the title of "Sâr" to his family. Péladan wrote a novel that was interwoven with Rosicrucian and occult themes. After reading Péladan's novel, the French poet Stanislas de Guaita became interested in occultism. In Paris, de Guaita and Péladan became acquainted, and in 1884, the two decided to try to rebuild the Rosicrucian Brotherhood.

De Guaita and Péladan recruited Gerard Encauss to help rebuild the brotherhood. Encauss, who went by the pseudonym “Papus”, was a Spanish-born French physician and occultist who had written books on magic, Cabalah and the Tarot. In 1888, de Guaita founded the Cabalistic Order of the Rosicrucian. The Rosicrucian Order is a legendary and secretive Order that was first publicly documented in the early 1600s.

Guaita's Rosicrucian Order provided training in the Cabala, an esoteric form of Jewish mysticism, which attempts to reveal hidden mystical insights in the Hebrew Bible and divine nature. The order also conducted examinations and provided university degrees on Cabala topics. Guaita had a large private library of books on metaphysical issues, magic, and the "hidden sciences." He was nicknamed the "Prince of the Rosicrucian" by his contemporaries for his broad learning on Rosicrucian issues.

By the 1890, de Guaita, Papus, and Péladan’s collaboration became increasingly strained by disagreements over strategy and doctrines. Guaita and Papus lost the support of Péladan, who left to start a competing order. In June 1890, Péladan left the Martinist Order and created a Catholic Order of the Rose and the Cross. Péladan was the leader of the new order, and he took the titles of "Imperator" and "Super Magician".