John Richards Lapenotière
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John Richards Lapenotière |
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|---|---|
| Born | 1770 Ilfracombe, Devon, England |
| Died | 19 January 1834 Roseland, Cornwall, England |
| Occupation | Royal Navy Officer |
Captain John Richards Lapenotière (1770 - 19 January 1834) was a British Royal Navy officer who, as a young lieutenant commanding the tiny sloop HMS Pickle, observed the Battle of Trafalgar on the 21 October 1805, participated in the rescue operations which followed it and then carried the dispatches of the victory and the death of Admiral Nelson to Britain. Throughout his career, Lapenotière received much acclaim for his daring seamanship and aggressive tactics but, like so many others, was left without a ship at the end of the Napoleonic Wars and retired.
Born in 1770 in Ilfracombe, Devon to a Huguenot exile family who came to Britain in 1688 with William of Orange, he came from a military family: His great grandfather, Frederick La Penotiere, served in the Royal Irish Regiment in the campaigns of the Duke of Marlborough in the War of the Spanish Succession and received a bounty for his service at the Battle of Blenheim, in 1704. His father, also Frederick, served in the Royal Navy. John followed his father into naval service, joining his father's ship unofficially, at just ten years old. At fifteen he enlisted with Nathaniel Portlock on a commercial expedition to what is now Alaska and the Canadian Pacific coast (then a bare and savage coast), where he learned the principles of seamanship in difficult climates and the handling of small ships, which was very advantageous to him, given that he spent most of his career in such craft. After a period of service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, Lapenotière again took a leave of absence, to accompany Portlock and William Bligh on a breadfruit expedition to the South Pacific, to replace those plants lost following the Mutiny on the Bounty.
Returning in time for service in the French Revolutionary War, Lapenotière travelled to the West Indies in the fleet under John Jervis in the HMS Margarita, being briefly appointed lieutenant into the HMS Boyne before his superior knowledge of seamanship earned him an independent command in the schooner HMS Berbice. In 1796 he was transferred into the frigate HMS Resource and from there into four other ships, each of them without event or action. By 1800, he had yet to spend a full year in any ship but was given the small cutter Joseph, as a reward for his patience and distinguished himself in small boat actions on the French coast, prior to the Peace of Amiens, when he found himself on the beach for the first long stretch of time since 1779. During this period ashore, he married Lucia Shean, with whom he had three daughters.
His efforts had not gone unnoticed, however and, when war broke out again, he was given the 10 gun schooner HMS Pickle[1], in which he again terrorised the French coastline, earning accolades for saving the crew of the ship of the line HMS Magnificent, which was wrecked off Ushant in 1804. He was widowed during this period but soon remarried to Mary Anne Graves and had a further seven children, two of whom later became naval officers themselves. He was subsequently attached to Nelson's fleet, blockading off Cadiz and fed the expedition by capturing Spanish and Portuguese livestock and grain transport ships from small harbours on the coast.
Pickle was much too small to serve an active role in the Battle of Trafalgar, which culminated the campaign on the 21 October 1805 but her assistance was invaluable during the difficult and dangerous task, which arose during the ensuing storm. Lapenotière's ship was engaged in rescuing survivors from the water, taking men off sinking ships over the next week and even towing damaged hulks in an effort to rescue them from the waves. On the 26 October, in recognition of his achievements, Admiral Collingwood sent Pickle to Britain with the dispatches telling of the great victory. This was a signal honour for any junior officer, since it almost guaranteed promotion and fame and some of the other junior officers later expressed anger at the seeming preferment of Lapenotière.
Arriving in the English Channel on the 1 November, Lapenotière realised that the wind was so strong it would prevent him from making landfall further down the Channel and so landed at Falmouth. He then took an exhausting series of mail coaches and horses overland to London, where he arrived on the 6 November[2], after a journey of about 271 miles and involving twenty-one changes of horses, to give his despatches to William Marsden[3], Secretary of the Navy, who then spread the news of the victory and Nelson's death. As was expected, Lapenotière was greatly rewarded for his feat, being promoted to Commander, receiving a sword from the Patriotic Fund and £500 in cash. He was given the 16-gun HMS Orestes to command and participated in the bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807, where he was badly wounded by an exploding gun.
The next four years of sea service was spent sailing the Orestes from Plymouth, where he took two privateers (one French, one American) and a rich American merchant ship. In 1811, he received promotion to Post Captain but was unable to secure a ship and spent the remainder of the war on shore duties. He never captained a ship again, settling in Roseland in Cornwall with his family, dying peacefully in 1834. He was buried next to his second wife in the local churchyard.
[edit] Further reading
- The Trafalgar Captains, Colin White and the 1805 Club, Chatham Publishing, London, 2005, ISBN 186176247X
[edit] References
- ^ 1802
- ^ To this day, the Royal Navy Holds Pickle Night dinners, on or near 6 November, to honour this event
- ^ With the simple words, "Sir, we have gained a great victory. But we have lost Lord Nelson."
