John C. Stennis Space Center
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The John C. Stennis Space Center (or SSC), located in Hancock County, Mississippi at the Mississippi/Louisiana border, is NASA's largest Rocket engine test facility.
[edit] History
Construction of the 13,500 acre (55 km²) Mississippi Test Operations complex began in October, 1961. The test area (officially known as the "Fee Area") is surrounded by a 125,000 acre acoustical buffer zone. The facility's large cement and metal test stands were originally used to test-fire the first and second stages of the Saturn V rockets. Each of the engines that sent men to the moon in the late 1960s were tested here; not a single one failed during the course of these Apollo missions. Currently, each and every Space Shuttle Main Engine is flight-certified at Stennis.
In part the site was selected because it was thinly populated and it was possible to create barge access to it. Barge access was needed as the rocket motors to be tested for Apollo were too large for overland transport. The chosen site also had to be between the Michoud Assembly Facility just east of New Orleans, Louisiana where the rockets were made and the launch facility at Cape Canaveral in Florida. Before construction began, five small communities (Gainesville, Logtown, Napoleon, Santa Rosa and Westonia) with 700 families had to be relocated. Remnants of the communities, including city streets and a one-room school house, still exist within the facility.
With the close of the Apollo program use of the base plummeted, with economic impact to the surrounding communities. Over the years other government organizations were moved to the facility, providing a major economic benefit to the communities.
In the 1990s, a new test complex named "E" was constructed to test a variety of new engine concepts. A series of tests conducted there eventually led to the commercialization of hybrid rocket motors, one of which was used to power the first privately funded spaceship, Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne.
Two 250,000 gallon water tanks at the facility, used to test equipment for the Navy, were used to film the underwater sequences in the film Double Jeopardy (film).
The facility has been renamed several times in the course of its short history, becoming the Mississippi Test Facility in 1965, the National Space Technology Laboratories in 1974, and taking its present name in 1988 in order to honor the late Mississippi Senator John C. Stennis for his unwavering support of the national space program.
The facility was damaged in late August 2005 by Hurricane Katrina.
[edit] Facilities
In 2005 Stennis Space Center, abbreviated SSC, was home to over 30 government agencies and private companies. By far the largest of these were elements of the United States Navy with some 3500 personnel, which was far larger than the NASA civil servant contingent. Some of the prominent resident agencies include:
- The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Data Buoy Center
- A branch of the Naval Research Laboratory
- The Lockheed Martin Mississippi Space and Technology Center
- The Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command
- Navy Special Boat Team 22 and NAVSCIATTS (Naval Small Craft Instruction and Technical Training School).
- The University of Southern Mississippi's High Performance Visualization Center
