Jo Mihaly
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Jo Mihaly born Piete Kuhr (1902-1989) was a German dancer and writer.
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[edit] Early Years
Jo Mihaly who at the time was Piete Kuhr grew up in Schneidemuhl (now Pila) started a diary which is published under the title There we'll meet again, a young German girl's diary of the first world war. 1914-1918. Schneidemuhl was the site of a World War One Prisoner of War camp.
An extract from a review of the book at http://www.ppu.org.uk/peacematters/pre99/pm_autumn98c.html is quoted below:
A diary about the First World War, written by a girl who was 12 when it began, might sound a little difficult to read 80 years later. Could there still be anything fresh to learn about that war, anything we don’t already know? The fact that the diary is written by a German teenager does make it unusual. The fact that this teenager went on to oppose war, to dance her anti-war message on the Berlin stage, to marry a Jew, and to be forced to flee Germany in 1933, gives an added poignancy to the diary. The history of its translation into English is fascinating too – a pacifist and former conscientious objector, Walter Wright, found it by chance on a charity book stall when looking for something to brush up his German. He was so captivated by it that he has translated and published it at his own expense, and has followed up the story by making contact with Piete Kuhl’s family in Germany. It wasn’t published until 1982 in Germany (as Da Gibt’s ein Wiedersehn), having been only just rediscovered by Piete herself.
Piete Kuhl was clearly not just an ordinary girl – she thought deeply and felt passionately about the war and her writing developed as she wrote about it. Her mother, who had encouraged her to write this diary as a patriotic act, became increasingly uneasy about the tone of the diary which she could no longer proudly show to her military friends – but Piete carried on with it in any case. She lived in Schneidemuhl, then about 80 miles from the German-Russian frontier, now in Poland. Though not seriously in personal danger herself, the proximity to the Eastern front, and the regular transports of soldiers, prisoners, wounded and refugees through the train station where her grandmother ran the Red Cross canteen, meant that she had an unusual insight into the war for a child. She helped from the beginning with the canteen, giving food and drink to those passing through the station. At first she is caught up with the patriotism, the days off school for each victory, the pleasure of winning – but doubt creeps in. She suffers from thinking about those who are being killed, for example when she hears about the German victory that left thousands of Russian soldiers drowning in the marshes. She goes out of her way to find the local prisoner of war camp to make sure they are being properly looked after, and the Russian cemetery where the ‘enemy’ are buried.
Because she is a child, she has some wonderfully clear insights from time to time: ‘Even the Emperor Franz Joseph has called upon God to give victory to his forces. On how many nations exactly is God to bestow victory?’
On 12th November 1918 she wrote ‘I didn’t like to ask whether we were now well and truly beaten. We have clearly perished from a surfeit of victories.’ She comes alive through these pages – this is not a long catalogue of war news but a lively vivid account interspersed with the ‘normal’ activities, thoughts and dreams of a child growing up in very abnormal times. There is much to learn about the way the whole population was caught up in the war preparations, including school children, the privations of the war as they have less and less food, the way she deals with what is happening by playing fantasy soldiers games, the way anti-Semitism was rife, the spread of disease during the war, the deaths of children severely weakened by hunger (with a particularly gruesome and vivid account of babies who died in an infants home she was helping in), the horror of the phrase ‘The ‘flu is said to have broken out there too’ as the fully laden hospital trains come back from the eastern front to mid-Germany after the war is ‘over’.
Piete has captivated me too. I am grateful to Walter Wright for translating her diary, and to my father for bringing his friend’s work to my attention. It deserves a wider audience. I think it ought to appeal to anyone studying the First World War at school (or teaching it). I shall think this Remembrance time of that young German girl climbing over the barbed wire into the prisoners of war cemetery to lay a green fir wreath on a Frenchman’s grave, after the war is over – the final ending to the diary – and of the courage she showed as she went on to oppose the persecution of the Jew.
[edit] Expressionist Dancer
Jo Mihaly started as a dancer in 1923. In 1933 she was well known for an anti-war dance she had devised with WWI war boots sword and helmet. She belonged to the German expressionist dancers of the 30s, along with Mary Wigman, Rudolf von Laban, and Gret Palucca. She fled Germany for Zürich in 1933 to escape being taken to a concentration camp like so many of her activist socialist friends. She continued to dance there from 1934 to 1938.
[edit] Novelist
Mihaly started by contributing articles and poems to the magazine of the Brotherhood of Wayfarers around 1925. She then wrote her first novel, Michael Arpad und sein Kind, a novel about a gypsy family. She wrote another novel in 1938, "Gesucht: Stepan Varesku". She wrote other books but unfortunately, only her first wold war diary has been translated in English.
[edit] References
Biographical notes in There we'll meet again and Information from L'espace qui crie en moi - Hommage à la danse expressionniste allemande 1991 documentary.
- Petra Josting: ‚Zigeuner‘ in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur der Weimarer Republik am Beispiel von Jo Mihalys ‚Michael Arpad und sein Kind. Ein Kinderschicksal auf der Landstraße’ (1930). In: Petra Josting/Walter Fähnders (Ed.): „Laboratorium Vielseitigkeit“. Zur Literatur der Weimarer Republik. Festschrift für Helga Karrenbrock zum 60. Geburtstag. Bielefeld: Aisthesis, 2005 ISBN 3-89528-546-3 (D)
