Jindřichův Hradec
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| Coat-of-arms N/A | |
| Region (kraj) | South Bohemian (Jihočeský) |
| Population | 22,800 (2003) |
| Area | 74.27 km² |
| Coordinates | 49°9′ N 15°0′ E |
| Elevation | 478 m AMSL |
| First documented | 1220 |
| Website | twist.jh.cz |
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Jindřichův Hradec (-Czech, German: Neuhaus) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has approximately 22,800 inhabitants.
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[edit] History
In the tenth century, Jindřichův Hradec was already the administrative center of the southern Přemyslid state, located by the river Nežárka and Hamerský Bach. Vitek z Prčice obtained Southern Bohemia in 1185, which he colonized and later partitioned to his son. This founded the southern Bohemian noble families von Landštejn, von Stráž and Rosenberg, as well as the Lord of Hradec.
1220-1237 Jindřich Vitkovec conferred the patronage rights of the parish church to German knights and ordered them to build a hospital by the church.
1255 Vitek of Hradec, son of Jindřich, confirmed patronates and consigned to them greater property and freedom. In this list, the name of the known judge of the castle Jindřich, named Kameník, presumably the first administrative official of the township, can be found.
1277 Přemysl Ottokar II occupied the castle, and would reside there for some time.
1294 Oldřich II of Hradec appointed eight Jewish families with the permission of the king and had their way through Hradec confirmed.
1297 The first citizens of Hradec were mentioned
1312-1349 During the reign of Oldřich III of Hradec, the city center took on its present form.
1349-1389 After the death of Oldřich III his possessions were partitioned to his sons. The stream of tradesmen and wealthy craftsmen grew.
1389 The city received the first written privileges from Jindřich III of Hradec, according to which all citizens had freedom of decision and movement. They were allowed to deal independently in property and goods. The regional taxes were also written down.
1399 Heřman and Jan der Jungere of Hradec founded the city hospital with the chapel of Alžběta.
1410 The current name of the city, Jindřichův Hradec, was mentioned.
1415-1434 The Hussite Wars hardly encounter the city. It merely came to social disputes and power struggles (within the city). Only Oldřich Vavák, the appointed administrator, was sympathetic to the Hussites. His successor, Menhart of Hradec, was a devotee of the Hussites, who later had a change of opinion and joined those against the Hussites at the Battle of Lipany in 1434.
1434-1448 Menhart climbed high in politics. Next to Prague, the city was the most important place for meetings between opposing parties.
1453-1463 The Oldřichs died out. Zdenek von Sternberg, leader of the opposers of Jiří of Poděbrady, takes over the lordship of the city.
1457 The Franziskaners (so-called Bosáks) locate themselves in the suburbs.
1463 Jindřich IV, devotees to the orthodox Catholic teaching, opposers of Jiří of Poděbrady, devotees of Matyáš of Korvín until 1479, and later of Vladislav II laid siege to the king's troops in the city, but were forced to pull back in 1467 without success.
1511 Adam I took over lordship of the city. In 1523 he was appointed supreme chancellor. He was one of the eight richest people in the kingdom.
1531-1546 After the sudden death of Adam I Volf st. Krajíč z Krajku na Landštejně administered the region until the sons of Adam I could claim their inheritance.
1550 The inheritance was partitioned. Jachýmov inherited the manor of Jindřichův Hradec and Zachariáš the Moravian manor of Telč. The city bloomed during the reign of Jachým.
1562-1564 The lands of Hluboká and other manors were annexed.
1568 Adam II took over the inheritance, and the separation from high politics began. Debt rose and the financial situation of the city became precarious. At the urging of his devoutly Catholic wife Kateřina of Montfort the Jesuit school with the Chapel of Saint Mary Magdalene was built. The Jesuits received patronage rights over all churches and the oversight of all schools. Lessons began in 1595. It is now the oldest Jesuit school in Bohemia.
1604 With the death of Jachym Oldrich's only son, his branch of the Lords of Hradec died out. Jachymov's Daughter, Lucie Otilie of Hradec took over the family inheritance. She had been married to Slavata von Chlum and Koschumberg since 1602.
1618-1620 During the Bohemian Uprising, the city hindered three attacks of the emperor's army, led by generals from Dampiera and Buquoye. The city did not surrender until after the Battle of White Mountain. After the Habsburg's victory, Vilem Slavata and the Jesuits turned back. 24 Death sentences were ordered during trials against the citizens. These were later lifted after the convicted converted to Catholicism. Vilem Slavata became the chancellor of the Empire.
1622-1625 All privileges were taken from the city, and it's ability of self-administration was reduced.
1625 The parish won far-reaching privileges from Pope Urban VIII, that had first been put through by the Jesuits.
1637 The Jesuits cared for the remains of Saint Hippolyt, who was made the patron saint of the city. The Franziskaners followed with the remains of Saint Theodore in 1682
1654 Jindřichův Hradec is the second largest city in Bohemia with 405 Houses.
1693 The Slavata line died out. Marie Josefa Slavatova, who was married to Heřman Jakub Černín, took over the inheritance. They mostly lived in their palaces in Prague and Vienna, and built the rococo palace of Jemrin.
1741 The city suffered under the outbreak of conflict over inheritances in Austria. Both the French and Bavarians occupied it. After the outbreak of the Seven Years' War a soldier's infirmary was erected in the city.
1757 The successful textile industry, second only to that in Liberec provided the economy for the city.
1773 Fire destroyed several houses in a suburb of the city and part of the palace. After the dissolution of the Jesuits, their schools were also closed.
1801 A new outbreak of fire almost destroyed the entire city. The city gates and the greater part of the wall were ripped apart. New parks and buildings were built in their place.
1871-1887 The city lost economic and political significance. The city was first put on the railway in 1887.
1914 The reconstruction of the palace was ended at the proposals of H. Watcher.
1938-1945 The Munich accords cut the city off from the rest of the Czech lands.
1939 The city was given a German government commissar. Jihlava administered the city from 1940. Czech schools and services were distanced from the city.
1945 The city was freed by Marshall Malinovsky
[edit] Landmarks
The city castle and palace is the third largest in the country after those in Prague and Český Krumlov. It covers 3 ha. and contains 320 rooms. More than 10,000 works of art and a similar number of books may be found there.
The district museum, which is in a renaissance building that was once the Jesuit seminar appeared in the city in 1882 and is one of the oldest regional museums in Bohemia. The most well-known item in the museum is the Kryza, the largest mechanical Christmas manger scene in the world according to the Guinness Book of World Records.
- The Church of Ascension
- The Chapel of Saint Mary Magdalene
- The Church of Saint Jan Křitel with the nearby building that once housed minorite monks and was later an infirmary.
- The Church of the Most Holy Trinity
- The Church of Saint Catherine
- The Church of Saint Jacob
- The Church of Saint Wenceslas
Houses in the marketplace (Friendensplatz) with the pristine gothic city hall
[edit] Public Figures
- Adam Michna (1600-1676) - Bohemian organist, composer, singer and poet
- Ales Kotalik - Ice Hockey player
- Milan Michalek - Ice Hockey player
- Zbynek Michalek - Ice Hockey player
[edit] People
[edit] Sister city
- Neckargemünd, Germany
- Steffisburg, Switzerland
[edit] Trivia
- Asteroid 21783 Jindřichůvhradec is named in honour of city
[edit] External links
- Municipal website (cs, de, en)
- Jindrichuv Hradec - travel guide ( basic facts, history, sights, one-day trips)
