Jinan dialect

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jinan dialect (Traditional Chinese: 濟南話; Simplified Chinese: 济南话; pinyin: jǐnánhuà) is a dialect of the Mandarin language family, which in turn constitutes one of the Sinitic language families. It is spoken in Jinan in the Shandong province.

Contents 1 Classification 2 Geographic distribution 2.1 Dialects 3 Phonetics and Phonology 3.1 Consonants 3.2 Vowels 3.2.1 Monophthongs 3.2.2 Diphthongs 3.3 Syllable structure 3.3.1 Onsets 3.3.2 Rimes 3.4 Tones 3.4.1 Citation tones 3.4.2 Tone Sandhi 4 Grammar 4.1 Morphology 4.2 Syntax 5 Vocabulary 6 History 7 Examples 8 References 9 See also 10 External links

[edit] Classification

[edit] Geographic distribution

[edit] Dialects

[edit] Phonetics and Phonology

[edit] Consonants

Consonants of the Jinan dialect

		bilabial	labio-dental	alveolar	alveolo-palatal	retroflex	velar
nasal		m		n	ɲ		ŋ
plosives	voiceless unaspirated	p		t		k
	voiceless aspirated	pʰ		tʰ		kʰ
fricatives	voiced			ʐ
	voiceless		f	s	ɕ	ʂ	x
affricates	voiceless unaspirated			ts	tɕ	tʂ
	voiceless aspirated			tsʰ	tɕʰ	tʂʰ
lateral approximants				l

[edit] Vowels

[edit] Monophthongs

[edit] Diphthongs

[edit] Syllable structure

[edit] Onsets

[edit] Rimes

[edit] Tones

[edit] Citation tones

Tone chart of the Jinan dialect

Tone number	Tone name	Tone contour
1	yin ping (陰平)	213
2	yang ping (陽平)	42
3	shang sheng (上聲)	55
4	qu sheng (去聲)	21

[edit] Tone Sandhi

[edit] Grammar

[edit] Morphology

[edit] Syntax

[edit] Vocabulary

[edit] History

[edit] Examples

[edit] References

• Běijīng dàxué zhōngguóyǔyánwénxuéxì yǔyánxué jiàoyánshì. (1989) Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzìgǎigé chūbǎnshè.(北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社)
• Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge, England: CUP ISBN 0521296536
• Yuán, jiāhuá (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)

[edit] See also

• Mandarin (linguistics)
• List of Chinese dialects

[edit] External links

• Ethnologue report for Mandarin
• Cantonese and other dialects (in Chinese)
• Classification of Jilu Dialects from Glossika

[edit] Chinese: spoken varieties
Categories:	Gan | Hakka | Hui | Jin | Mandarin | Min | Ping | Xiang | Wu | Cantonese Danzhouhua | Shaozhou Tuhua
Subcategories of Min:	Min Bei | Min Dong | Min Nan | Min Zhong | Puxian | Qiongwen | Shaojiang
Subcategories of Mandarin:	Northeastern | Beijing | Ji-Lu | Jiao-Liao | Zhongyuan | Lan-Yin | Southwestern | Jianghuai | Dungan
Note: The above is only one classification scheme among many. The categories in italics are not universally acknowledged to be independent categories.
Comprehensive list of Chinese dialects
Official spoken varieties:	Standard Mandarin | Standard Cantonese
Historical phonology:	Old Chinese | Middle Chinese | Proto-Min | Proto-Mandarin | Haner
Chinese: written varieties
Official written varieties:	Classical Chinese | Vernacular Chinese
Other varieties:	Written Vernacular Cantonese