Jimmie Davis
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James Houston Davis, better known as Jimmie Davis, (September 11, 1899 - November 5, 2000) was a noted singer of both sacred and popular songs who served two nonconsecutive terms as a Democratic governor of Louisiana in the mid-twentieth century.
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[edit] Early life
Davis was born to a sharecropping couple in the now ghost town of Beech Springs, near Quitman in Jackson Parish in 1899. The family was so poor that young Jimmie did not have a bed in which to sleep until he was nine years old.
He graduated from Beech Springs High School and Soule Business College, New Orleans campus. The late Congressman Otto Passman, a Louisiana Democrat, also graduated from Soule, but from the Bogalusa campus. Davis received his bachelor's degree in history from the Baptist-affiliated Louisiana College in Pineville. He received a master's degree from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.
[edit] Musical career
Davis became a commercially successful singer of rural music before he entered politics. His early work was in the style of early country music luminary Jimmie Rodgers, and he was also known for recording raunchy blues tunes like "Red Nightgown Blues." Some of these records included slide guitar accompaniment by black bluesman Oscar Woods.
He is associated with several popular songs, most notably "You Are My Sunshine," which was designated an official state song of Louisiana in 1977. He claimed that he wrote the song while attending graduate school at LSU, but research indicates he bought it from another performer Paul Rice, who had recorded it with his brother Hoke, who recorded together as the Rice Brothers under Paul Rice's name. The practice of buying songs from their composers was a common practice during the 1930s through the 1960s. Some writers in need of cash often sold tunes to others.
Rice himself had adapted it from another person's poem. Reportedly, the song was copyrighted under Davis's name and that of longtime sideman Charles Mitchell, after they purchased it from Rice. Davis also purchased the country ballad "It Makes No Difference Now" from its composer Floyd Tillman. Tillman later had his composer credit restored alongside Davis's.
In 1999, "You Are My Sunshine" was honored with a Grammy Hall of Fame Award and the Recording Industry Association of America named it one of the Songs of the Century. "You Are My Sunshine" was ranked #73 on CMT's 100 Greatest Songs in Country Music in 2003. Until his death, Davis insisted that he wrote the song. In any case, it will forever be associated with him.
Davis taught history (and, unofficially, yodeling) for a year at the women's Dodd College of Shreveport during the late 1920s.
Davis became the popular "singing governor" who often performed music during his campaign stops. While governor, he had a No. 1 hit single in 1945 with "There's a New Moon Over My Shoulder." A long-time member of the Baptist faith, he also recorded a number of southern gospel albums and in 1967 served as president of the Gospel Music Association. He was a close friend of the North Dakota-born band leader Lawrence Welk who frequently reminded viewers of his television program of his association with Governor Davis.
A number of his songs were used as part of motion picture soundtracks, and Davis himself appeared in half a dozen films, one with the popular entertainers Ozzie and Harriet.
[edit] Political career
Davis was elected as the city's Democratic public safety commissioner. (At the time, Shreveport had a commission form of government. In the 1970s, the city switched to the mayor-council format.) Davis was elected in 1942 to the Louisiana Public Service Commission but left the rate-making body, which meets in Baton Rouge, two years later to become governor.
[edit] First elected governor in 1944
see Louisiana gubernatorial election, 1944
Davis was elected governor as a Democrat in 1944. He defeated Lewis L. Morgan of Covington, the seat of St. Tammany Parish, who had been backed by former Governor Earl Kemp Long and New Orleans Mayor Robert Maestri. Davis received 251,228 (53.6 percent) to Morgan's 217,915 (46.5 percent). Long was seeking the lieutenant governorship on the Morgan "ticket" and led in the first primary, but he lost the runoff to J. Emile Verret of New Iberia, the seat of Iberia Parish.
Democrats in Louisiana often formed non-binding "tickets" for governor and lieutenant governor and sometimes lower constitutional offices as well. But voters could "split tickets" by voting, for example, for a Long candidate for governor and an anti-Long candidate for lieutenant governor or vice versa. Louisiana's Constitution, until amended in 1966, only allowed governors to serve for one consecutive term. Therefore Davis stepped down in 1948 at the completion of his term of office.
[edit] Second term (1960-1964)
see also Louisiana gubernatorial election, 1959-60
In 1959-1960, Davis, with a pledge to fight for segregation in public education, sought a second term as governor. He won the Democratic gubernatorial nomination over a crowded field that included staunchly segregationist State Senator William Monroe Rainach of Claiborne Parish, former Lieutenant Governor William J. "Bill" Dodd of Baton Rouge, former Governor James Albert Noe, Sr., of Monroe, and New Orleans Mayor deLesseps Story Morrison, Sr. Davis ran second to "Chep" Morrison, considered a liberal by Louisiana standards, in the primary and then defeated him in the party runoff held in January 1960. Davis polled 213,551 (25.3 percent) to Morrison's 278,956 (33.1 percent).
Rainach ran third with 143,095 (17 percent). Noe was fourth with 97,654 (11.6 percent), and Dodd followed with 85,436 (10.1 percent). Davis won the northern and central parts of the state plus Baton Rouge, while Morrison dominated the southern portion of the state, particularly the French cultural parishes. In the runoff, Davis prevailed, 487,681 (54.1 percent) to Morrison's 414,110 (45.5 percent). It was estimated that Davis drew virtually all of the Rainach support from the first primary.
In the 1959 campaign, Dodd attacked Davis ferociously: it was part of Dodd's strategy to get Davis to withdraw from the primary. "Nothing personal in his [Dodd's] heart, just a cold-blooded plan to wind up in a second primary against Morrison, who he figured could not win against anyone [else] in a runoff," said Davis in the introduction to Dodd's memoirs, Peapatch Politics: The Earl Long Era in Louisiana Politics. Dodd then endorsed Morrison in the runoff, but he had a long-term reason for doing so. Dodd planned to run for school superintendent in the 1963 primary, and he wanted to have at least the neutrality of Morrison.
Dodd and Davis later became close friends. In Davis' words:
"Bill and I have many things in common. We share the same type of religion and boyhood background; we got our start as schoolteachers and figured prominently in public education; we both served in public life at or near the top. And I like to feel that we share a common appreciation and respect for people, all people. One of the greatest rewards in politics is meeting people. And one of the greatest and most unusual men I've ever met is Bill Dodd."
On April 19, 1960, Davis defeated Republican Francis Grevemberg, a Lafayette native, by a margin of nearly 82-17 percent. Grevemberg had been head of the state police under Governor Robert F. Kennon and had fought organized crime. He called for the origin of a two-party system for Louisiana. As the Democratic nominee, Davis had no worries and did little campaigning for the general election.
[edit] Fourth place in 1971
Main Article: Louisiana gubernatorial election, 1971-72
In 1971, Davis entered another crowded Democratic gubernatorial primary field, but he finished in an unimpressive fourth place with 138,756 ballots (only 11.8 percent), for time had passed him by.
In a runoff election held in December 1971, Congressman Edwin Washington Edwards of Crowley in Acadia Parish defeated then state Senator J. Bennett Johnston, Jr., of Shreveport for the party nomination. That vote was very close: Edwards, 584,262 (50.2 percent) to Johnston's 579,774 (49.8 percent). Edwards then beat Republican David C. Treen in the March 1972 general election. Davis's days as a politician were clearly behind him at that point.
Toward the end of his life, longtime Democrat Davis endorsed at least two Republican candidates: state Representative Louis E. "Woody" Jenkins of Baton Rouge for the U.S. Senate against Democrat Mary Landrieu in 1996 and the reelection of Governor Murphy J. "Mike" Foster, Jr., who faced little opposition in 1999 from black Democratic Congressman William "Bill" Jefferson of New Orleans. Jefferson, a former assistant to former U.S. Senator Johnston was engulfed in personal financial scandal in 2006.
[edit] Political legacy
He established a State Retirement System and funding of more than $100 million in public improvements while leaving the state with a $38 million surplus after his first term [1].
During his second term, Davis built the Sunshine Bridge, the new Governor's Mansion and the Toledo Bend Reservoir - all criticized at the time, but later recognized as beneficial to the state. Davis coordinated the pay periods of state employees, who had sometimes received their checks a week late, a particular hardship to those with low incomes.
During his time as governor, Jimmie Davis attempted to enforce policies of racial segregation, but federal law slowly brought about desegregation. Davis apologized for his actions later in life. One time during his tenure, he rode his horse up the steps of the state Capitol to protest integration.
[edit] Honors
Jimmie Davis was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1971 and into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1972. In 1993, Davis was among the first inductees of the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in Winnfield.
[edit] Personal life
Davis' first wife, the former Alverna Adams, from a prominent Shreveport family, was first lady while he was governor. She died in 1967. He thereafter married Anna Carter Gordon, who had been a member of the Chuck Wagon Gang of gospel singers. She survived Davis.
He died at the probable age of 101 and is buried in the Davis Family Cemetery in Quitman in Jackson Parish. No other former U.S. governor has ever lived longer.
[edit] See also
| Preceded by: Sam Houston Jones (D) |
Governor of Louisiana | Succeeded by: Earl Kemp Long (D) |
| Preceded by: Earl Kemp Long (D) |
Governor of Louisiana | Succeeded by: John Julian McKeithen (D) |
| Governors of Louisiana |  |
|---|---|
| Claiborne • Villeré • Robertson • Thibodaux • H. Johnson • Derbigny • Beauvais • Dupre • Roman • White • Roman • Mouton • I. Johnson • Walker • Hebert • Wickliffe • Moore • Warmouth • Pinchback • J. McEnery • Kellogg • Nicholls • Wiltz • S. McEnery • Nicholls • Foster • Heard • Blanchard • Sanders • Hall • Pleasant • Parker • Fuqua • Simpson • H. Long • King • O. Allen • Noe • Leche • E. Long • Jones • Davis • E. Long • Kennon • E. Long • Davis • McKeithen • Edwards • Treen • Edwards • Roemer • Edwards • Foster Jr. • Blanco |
[edit] References
- http://elvispelvis.com/jimmiedavis.htm
- Billy Hathorn, "The Republican Party in Louisiana, 1920-1980," Northwestern State University Master's thesis (1980)
- Toru Mitsui (1998). "Jimmie Davis." In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Ed. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 136.
[edit] External links
Categories: 1899 births | 2000 deaths | American actors | American male singers | American songwriters | Baptists | American centenarians | Country musicians | Country music songwriters | Gospel singers | Governors of Louisiana | People from Louisiana | People from Baton Rouge | People from Shreveport, Louisiana | Jackson Parish, Louisiana | Louisiana State University alumni | Segregationists | Louisiana politicians | Members of the Louisiana Public Service Commission | American conservatives | Louisiana College alumni
