Japanese Sign Language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Japanese sign language | ||
|---|---|---|
| Signed in: | — | |
| Region: | — | |
| Total signers: | 320,000 | |
| Language family: | unknown | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language of: | none | |
| Regulated by: | Japanese Federation of the Deaf | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | sgn | |
| ISO/FDIS 639-3: | —
|
|
| sign language — list of sign languages — legal recognition | ||
There is little knowledge about sign language and the deaf community during the Edo period and before. In 1862, the Edo government dispatched envoys to various European schools for the deaf. However, the first school for the deaf wasn't established until 1878 in Kyōto, and it wasn't until 1948 that deaf children were required to attend formal education.
JSL makes much greater use of mouthing (saying a word with or without making a sound) to disambiguate various signs. Fingerspelling (see JSL syllabary) was introduced from America in the early part of the twentieth century and isn't used as much as in the USA. Finger writing (tracing Japanese characters in the air) is sometimes used. There is a system associating the Kanji with particular signs, which is used for places and personal names.
Besides JSL there are also Pidgin Signed Japanese and Manually Signed Japanese. Both of these are signed forms of the Japanese language. The first is used between non-native signers, and the latter is sometimes used in schools for the deaf. However, as of 2002, most Japanese schools for the deaf taught through lip-reading, and even now, at least officially, JSL is not taught. It is only a decade since the official school ban on the use of JSL was lifted.
Like Japanese (and ASL) JSL uses a topic-comment pattern of sentence structure. This similarity may allow for easier mixing of Japanese, signed Japanese and JSL than is possible between English and ASL.
The sign languages of Korea and Taiwan share some signs with Japanese sign language, perhaps due to cultural transfer during the period of Japanese occupation.
Interest in sign language among the hearing population of Japan has been increasing, with numerous books now published targeting the hearing population, a weekly TV programme teaching JSL and increasing availability of night school classes for the hearing to learn JSL. There have been several TV dramas including "Hoshi no Kinka" (1995) in which signing has been a significant part of the plot, and sign language dramas are now a minor genre on Japanese TV.
Japanese Dramas featuring Sign Language:
- 1995 星の金貨 Hoshi no Kinka (Heaven's Coins)
- 2004 オレンジデイズ Orenji Deizu (Orange Days)
