Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy

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Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy, 1st Baronet

Potrait of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy at the Sir J. J. School of Art
Born:	July 15, 1783 Bombay, India
Died:	April 14, 1859 Bombay, India
Occupation:	Baron of Bombay, Business Magnate, Philanthropist

Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy, 1st Baronet (variously spelled Qamsetji and Jeejeebhoy, Jejeebjoy, Qijibhai) (15 July 1783–14 April 1859) was an Indian merchant and philanthropist.

[edit] Early life and business career

Jeejebhoy was born in Mumbai in 1783, of poor but respectable parents who died shortly afterwards, leaving him an orphan. At the age of sixteen, having had little formal education, he made his first visit to Calcutta and then began his first trading voyage to China.

Jeejebhoy's second voyage to China was made in a ship of the East India Company's fleet. Under the command of Sir Nathaniel Dance, this ship drove off a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois in the Battle of Pulo Aura.

On Jeejebhoy's fourth voyage to China, the Indiaman in which he sailed was forced to surrender to the French, by whom he was carried as a prisoner to the Cape of Good Hope, then a neutral Dutch possession. After much delay and great difficulty, Jeejebhoy made his way to Calcutta in a Danish ship. Undaunted, Jeejebhoy undertook another voyage to China which was more successful than any of his previous journeys.

By this time Jeejebhoy had fairly established his reputation as an enterprising merchant possessed of considerable wealth. He settled in Mumbai, where he directed his commercial operations on an extended scale. By 1836, Jeejebhoy's firm was large enough to employ his three sons and other relatives, and he had amassed what at that period of Indian mercantile history was regarded as fabulous wealth.

Jeejebhoy was known by the nickname "Mr. Bottlewaller". "Waller" meant "trader", and Jeejebhoy's business interests included the manufacture and sale of bottles. Jeejebhoy and his family would often sign letters and checks using the name "Bottlewaller", and were known by that name in business and society, but he did not choose this assumed surname when it came to the baronetcy.

[edit] Philanthropy

Old Photo Bombay Native Hospital, constructed at the joint expense of Jeejebhoy and the East India Company; it was later renamed "Sir J.J. Hospital".

An essentially self-made man, having experienced the miseries of poverty in early life, Jeejebhoy developed great sympathy for his poorer countrymen, and in his later life was occupied with alleviating human distress in all its forms. Parsi and Christian, Hindu and Mussulman, were alike the objects of his beneficence.[1]Hospitals, schools, homes of charity and pension funds throughout India (particularly in Mumbai, Navsari, Surat, and Poona) were created or endowed by Jeejebhoy, and he financed the construction of many public works such as wells, reservoirs, bridges, and causeways. By the time of his death in 1859, he was estimated to have donated over £230,000 to charity. Some of Jeejebhoy's notable charitable works include:

• Mahim Causeway: the British Government had refused to build a causeway to connect the island of Salsette to Mumbai. Jeejebhoy's wife Avabai Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy spent 1,55,800 rupees to finance its construction, naming it after his wife Avabai. The work began in the year 1841 and is believed to have been completed 4 years later.

• Jeejebhoy donated to at least 126 notable public charities, including the much acclaimed Sir J. J. School of Art, The Sir J.J. School of Architecture, the Sir J.J. Institute of Applied Art and the Seth R.J.J. High School. He also endowed charities dedicated to helping his fellow Parsis and created the "Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy Parsi Benevolent Fund".

[edit] Baronetcy

Sketch of Jeejebhoy by an unknown artist, published in the U.K.

Jeejebhoy's services were first recognized by the British Empire in 1842 by the bestowal of a knighthood and in 1858 by the award of a baronetcy. These were the very first distinctions of their kind conferred by Queen Victoria upon a British subject in India.

On Jeejebhoy's death in 1859, his Baronetcy was inherited by his eldest son Cursetjee Jeejebhoy, who, by a special Act of the Viceroy's Council in pursuance of a provision in the letters-patent, took the name of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy as second baronet.

[edit] Jeejebhoy and the Parsi community

Since the time of their emigration from Persia, the Parsi community in India had never had a titular chief or head; its communal funds and affairs were managed by a public body, more or less democratic in its constitution, called the Parsi panchayat. Jeejeebhoy gradually came to be regarded as the chief of the Parsi community, thanks to his wealth and charitable works and the recognition afforded him by the British authorities due to his baronetcy.

[edit] References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

[edit] External references

• Brief profile of Sir J.J.
• Brief biography of Sir J.J.
• Sir J.J. on David Philpson's site
• Parsee settlers in Bombay