Jamnalal Bajaj
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Jamnalal Bajaj (1886 – 11 February 1942) was an industrialist, a philanthropist, and Indian freedom fighter. He was also a close associate and follower of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi is known to have adopted him as his son. Several institutions in India bears his name, including the Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies. He founded the Bajaj group of companies in the 30s. The group now has 24 companies, including 6 listed companies. Besides Bajaj Auto Ltd, the other major companies in the group include Mukand Ltd, Bajaj Electricals Ltd and Bajaj Hindustan Ltd. One of his grandsons, Rahul Bajaj runs the family flagship company Bajaj auto.
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[edit] Early years
Jamnalal Bajaj was born into a merchant family, as the third son of Kaniram and Birdibai, in a village named Kashi. He was later adopted as a grandson by Seth Bachhraj and his wife Sadibai Bachhraj a Rajasthani merchant of Wardha. Seth Bachhraj was himself a well-known and respected trader in the British Raj.
On coming of age, under the guidance of Seth Bachhraj, Jamnalal got involved in the family business of his grandfather. During this period he acquired the knowhow of being a tradesman, keeping strict accounts, buying and selling commodities. Excelling in his work by the time Seth Bachhraj died. In 1926 he founded what would become the Bajaj group of industries.
[edit] An Honorary Magistrate
During the first world war, British government appeased and honored native tradesmen, soliciting funds. They appointed Jamnalal as a honorary magistrate. And when he provided money for the war fund, they conferred on him the title of Rai Bahadur that he later surrendered during the non-cooperation movement of 1921.
[edit] Follower of Gandhi
Upon Mahatma Gandhi’s return from South Africa, Jamnalal had taken in interest in Gandhi’s way of life, his principles such as Ahimsa (non-violence), and his dedication to the poor.
He could understand Gandhi’s vision that home-made goods were the answer to the India’s poverty. He figured that the British companies were importing cheap raw cotton from India and sending back finished cloth at higher prices.
He was humbled by simple life that Gandhi was leading at the Sabarmati Ashram. He was impressed by the Ashram’s routine of prayer and physical work. Activities included cleaning, cooking, washing and looking after the domesticated animals. He brought his wife Jankidevi and his children to live in the Ashram.
However, this close relationship and his deep involvement in the independence movement did not leave Jamnalal Bajaj with much time to spend on his newly launched business venture. [1]
[edit] Freedom struggle
In 1920, Jamanalal was elected as the Chairman of the reception committee for the Nagpur session of the Congress. He gave up the title of "Rai Bahadur" conferred on him by the British government and joined the non co-operation movement in 1921. Later in 1923, he participated in the flag satyagraha, and defied a ban on flying the national flag in Nagpur and was arrested. This earned him national admiration.
He desired Gandhi to move to Wardha and make it the center of his activity. After the Dandi March in April 1930, Gandhi moved to Sevagram, a small village near Wardha since he wanted live close to the rural populace. Gandhi vowed not to return to Sabarmati Ashram until freedom was achieved.
He was nominated to be the president of Gandhi Seva Sangha, a group of workers who dedicate their time for constructive work. He was later elected a member of the Congress Working Committee and a Treasurer of Congress in 1933.
[edit] Social initiatives
Jamanalal Bajaj was interested in initiatives such as the removal of untouchability, promotion of Hindi, Khadi and Village Industries. He had toured across the country promoting Khadi. In 1925, he was chosen the Treasurer of the All- India Spinners Association. He was also the President of the All India Hindi Sahitya Sammelan that promoted Hindi as single language to unite all Indians. He was instrumental in publishing Hindi maganzines and books. He initiated the Gandhi Hindi Pustak Bhandar in Mumbai and started the Sasta Sahitya mandal.
He found the Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha along with C. Rajagopalachari that hoped to spread the learning of Hindi language across the country.
With an intent to eradicate untouchability, he fought the non-admission of Harijans into Hindu temples in his home-town of Wardha. As orthodox Hindu priests and Brahmins objected, he opened his own family temple, the Laxmi Narayan Mandir, in Wardha, for the Harijans in 1928. He began a campaign by eating a meal with Harijans and opened public wells to them. He opened several wells in his fields and gardens.
Due to his devotion, he was elected the chief of the Jaipur Rajya Praja Mandal in 1938.While he was a chief, he negotiated truce between maharajas of Sikar and Jaipur.
[edit] Differences with Gandhi
Though he had a lot of devotion in Gandhi’s work, he did not hesitate to express his differences frankly and fearlessly. He differed with Gandhi when he disagreed with Congress contesting in the 1933 elections to the legislature. When Congress Working Committee informally decided to make him the President of the Hirapur Session of the Congress which Gandhi personally approved, he chose to pass the honour to Subhash Chandra Bose.
[edit] Charity
Jamanalal dedicated much of his wealth to the poor. He felt this inherited wealth was a sacred trust to be used for the benefit of the people. This was in line with the trusteeship concept proposed by Gandhi.
[edit] Last days
As per Gandhi’s suggestion, Jamnalal spent his last days attending to cattle also known as Goseva. His activities included bathing them, sweeping the floor clean, feeding them, milking and other duties. He studied new methods of cattle-rearing and in first week of February 1942, he organized the All India Goseva Conference at Wardha and invited experts and delegates from all over the country. It was inaugurated by Gandhi and Vinoba presided the conference. He was elected first President of the All India Goseva Sangh. He died peacefully on 11 February 1942 casting a gloom over the nation.
[edit] References
[edit] Further reading
- In Gandhi's Footsteps : The Life and Times of Jamnalal Bajaj by B. R. Nanda, Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-566343-8
