James Six

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James Six (1731-1793) was a British scientist born in Canterbury. He is noted for his invention, in 1780, of Six's thermometer, commonly known as the Maximum minimum thermometer. This device is still in common use today and widely sold in garden centres.

Six was from a family of refugees from the Continent who had settled in England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, and who had worked as silk weavers for generations. James Six himself had trained in the family business, but by his time this was in decline because of cheap imported silks from India and Persia.

He became interested in natural philosophy, and devoted himself to meteorology. In 1782 The Royal Society of London published an account of the thermometer that Six had invented two years earlier. He became a Fellow of the Society in 1792, his election was the result of this and other papers he had published on meteorology.

In 1783 he performed a number of thermometrical measurements on Canterbury cathedral in conjunction with the cleric John Cullum who wrote about them for the journal Philosophical transactions entitled an “Account of extraordinary Frost, 23 June 1783”, (Philosophical transactions, lxxiv (1784)).

Six wrote about his invention in his book entitled "The Construction and Use of a Thermometer for Showing the Extremes of Temperature in the Atmosphere, during the Observer's Absence, together with Experiments and Variations of Local Heat; and other Meteorological Observations". This was published posthumously in London, in 1794, a year after he died.