Jacques-Noël Sané
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Jacques-Noël Sané (18 February 1740 - 22 August 1831) was a French naval engineer, one of the most successful ship-builders of the Age of Sail.
Sané studied under Duhamel du Monceau. His designs were so successful that he was nicknamed "The Naval Vauban".
His new design expressed itself fully with the Océan, built in 1790: the hull was simple with straight lines, minimal ornaments, and curved sides. The stern was almost integrated in the hull.
The performance of his ships of the line were almost comparable to those of a frigate. English shipyards of the time often copied the lines of French vessels which had been taken.
The masts were both thinner and higher, but also stronger than the 18th century designs. The aft sail plan on the mizzen had taken its definitive shape around 1780; Topgallant sails were common, which allowed for varying the area of sail presented to the wind with more subtlety. This allowed to the ships to point further into the wind. The hull shape did not improve as much as sail design and the speed was not improved as much as became possible with later clipper hull designs which reduced leeway.
The French navy of the time was organised around three ranks :
- The first with 118-gun three-deckers and 80-gun two-deckers
- The second with 74-gun two-deckers
- The third with 64-gun two-deckers
Under Sané, 107 identical 74-gun ships of the line were built, 35 80-gun and 9 118-gun. The 118-gun Commerce-de-Marseille, captured by the English, was said to "manoeuver like a frigate" in spite of her size. [1]
Sané also designed 18-gun frigate, of which 143 were built.
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