József Antall
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| József Antall | |
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| In office May 23, 1990 – December 12, 1993 |
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| Preceded by | Miklós Németh |
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| Succeeded by | Péter Boross |
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| Born | April 8, 1932 Budapest |
| Died | December 12, 1993 Budapest |
| Political party | MDF (conservative) |
| Spouse | Fülepp Klára |
József Jr. Antall de Kisjenő (April 8, 1932 -December 12, 1993) was a Hungarian teacher, librarian, historian and political figure. He was the leader of the Hungarian Democratic Forum between 1989 and 1993. He served as the first democratically-elected prime minister of Hungary from 3 May 1990 until 12 December 1993 (his death).
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[edit] Family
József Antall was born to an ancient Hungarian family from the lower nobility. His father, József Antall Sr. jurist and civil servant, worked for the government in several ministries. He coordinated the first living wage calculations in Hungary, and he was a founding member of the Independent Smallholders' Party (1931)). During the second world war, he presided the government committee for refugees. After the German occupation of Hungary he resigned, later he was arrested by the Gestapo. After the war, became Minister of Reconstruction in the government of Zoltán Tildy. Later, he became president of the Hungarian Red Cross, but after the communist coup he resigned and retired to his family estate. In 1991, he was posthumously honoured by Yad Vashem.
His mother, Irén Szűcs, was the daughter of a village teacher. Her father, István Szűcs also became a political figure as a deputy Secretary of State.
József Antall had a sister, Edith Antall. His brother-in-law, Géza Jeszenszky later became Minister of Foreign Affairs. Antall and his wife, Klára Fülepp had two children, György Antall lawyer and Péter Antall photojournalist.
[edit] Education
He graduated from the Budapest Piarist Highschool in 1950. He was interested in politics early on, but (quite understandably) didn't pursue his political career during the communist dictatorship of the fifties. After graduating from highschool, he studied Hungarian language and literature at the Eötvös Loránd University as well as history and archival science. He wrote his thesis about the politics of József Eötvös, obtaining degrees in teaching, library science and museology.
[edit] Career until the prime ministership
After graduating from the university, he worked for the Hungarian State Archives and the Institure of Pedagogy Research. In 1955, he started teaching in the József Eötvös Highschool, leading the Revolutionary Committee of the school during the 1956 Hungarian Uprising. During the revolution, he participated in the reorganization of the Independent Smallholders Party and in the founding of the Christian Youth Alliance. After the Soviet Union crushed the revolution he was arrested and released several times. He continued his teaching career in the Ferenc Toldy Highschool in 1957, but in 1959 he was banned from teaching for his political activities.
Following this, he worked as a librarian for two years. In 1963 he wrote biographies of 80 doctors for the Lexicon of Hungarian Biographies. He became interested in the history of medicine, and conducted fundamental research in the area. He started working in the library and archives department of the Semmelweis Museum, dedicated to the history of medicine. Starting as a research fellow, he was promoted to deputy director and in 1974 he became director of the institute.
His research was recognised internationally, and in 1986 he was the vice president of the International Society for History of Medicine.
[edit] Return to politics
He was delegated to the National Roundtable Talks by the Hungarian Democratic Forum on 1989 march 22nd and worked in the committee for reforming the constitution. He became well known for his activities during the negotiations.
On October 21, 1989 he was elected President of the Hungarian Democratic Forum by overwhelming majority, thus becoming the official candidate for prime ministership by the party. The MDF won the elections in 1990 and on May 23rd he became the Prime Minister of Hungary.
Before he could finish his 4-year term, he became ill with cancer and died on December 12, 1993.
| Preceded by Miklós Németh |
Prime Minister of Hungary 1990–1993 |
Succeeded by Péter Boross |
