Itza
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The Itza are a Guatemalan ethnic group of Maya affiliation speaking the Itza' language. They inhabit the Petén department of Guatemala in and around the city of Flores on the Lake Petén Itzá. Although there are still around 30,000 ethnic Itza, the Itza language is now almost extinct.
[edit] The Itza in Yucatán
Historically the Itza, descended from a Yucatecan Maya lineage the Ah Itzá, were an important Mesoamerican people who dominated the Yucatan peninsula in the Post-classic period. From their capital at Chichén Itzá, they established a trade empire reaching as far south as Naco in Honduras. Chichen Itza means "at the mouth of the well of the Itza" in the Itza' language.
The books of Chilam Balam recount the history of the Itza and the demise of their empire at the hands of a band of Mexicanized Putún Maya led by the mercenary king Hunac Ceel, founder of the Cocom dynasty of Mayapan. Hunac Ceel fought the Itzas but was taken captive and was to be sacrificed by being thrown into the cenote of Chichén Itzá. However he survived the attempted sacrifice at the Cenote of Chichen Itza, but having spent a night in the water he was able to relate a prophecy of the rain god Chac about the year's coming harvest. Once lord of Mayapan he orchestrated, aided by sorcery, the destruction of Chichén Itzá.
While part of the story of Hunac Ceel seem to be more mythical than historical it is well accepted that the Itza of Chichén Itzá were the eventual losers in a power struggle between the three Yucatecan lineages the Cocom, the Xiu and the Itza, all claiming heritage from the Toltecs. And around 1331 archeological remains attest that Chichén Itzá and other Itza dominated sites, for example Isla Cerritos were abandoned. The fall of these sites are contemporary with a gradual incursion of mexicanized Putún Maya from Tabasco and central Mexico, and it seems that these were indeed the ones that caused the fall of the original Itza state.
[edit] The Itza in the Petén
The Itza then left or were expelled from the Yucatan region and went south to Petén to build the city later known as Tayasal as their capital. They called it Noh Petén, or literally "City Island". It was also called Tah Itzá, or Place of the Itzá.
Hernan Cortés visited Tayasal with an army of Spaniards and 600 Chontal Maya on his way to Honduras in 1523 and he celebrated mass with an Itza ruler called Canek.
The island city of Tayasal was the last independent Mayan kingdom and some Spanish priests peacefully visited and preached to the last Itza king, also called Canek, as late as 1696. The Itza' kingdom was finally submitted to Spanish rule on March 13, 1697, to a force led by Martín de Ursua, governor of Yucatán.
[edit] References
- Weaver, Muriel Porter (1993). The Aztecs, Maya, and Their Predecessors: Archaeology of Mesoamerica (3rd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0012639990.
- Sharer, Robert J. (1994). The Ancient Maya. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804721300.
