Isothermal-isobaric ensemble
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| Statistical mechanics |
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| Microcanonical ensemble |
| Canonical ensemble |
| Grand canonical ensemble |
| Isothermal-isobaric ensemble |
| Isoenthalpic-isobaric ensemble |
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The isothermal-isobaric ensemble is a statistical mechanical ensemble where the system is allowed to exchange energy with a heat bath of temperature T and the volume can also change though its mean value is tuned by the pressure P applied. It is also called the (T,P,N)-ensemble, as the third quantity kept constant is the number of particles N. This ensemble plays an important role in chemistry as chemical reactions are usually carried out under constant pressure condition. The partition function is given as
The characteristic state function of this ensemble is the Gibbs free energy since
This thermodynamic potential is related to the internal energy in the following way:
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