Inugami
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- For other uses, see Inukami.
In Japanese mythology an inugami (犬神 inugami?) (lit. "dog god") is a shikigami (familiar spirit) resembling, and usually originating from, a dog, and most commonly carrying out vengeance or acting as guardians on behalf of the inugami-mochi, or "inugami owner". Inugami are extremely powerful and capable of existing independently, as well as turning on their "owners" and even possessing humans.
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[edit] Origins
As in most cultures, the dog is viewed in Japan as a kind, bold, and nimble companion, who is ferocious toward its master's enemies. In Japanese folklore, dogs themselves are regarded as magical beings; one legend states that the dog could once talk, but lost the ability. The indingenous Ainu people of Hokkaido consider the dog a wily, dangerous and somewhat human animal.
The general belief is that an inugami is created by burying a dog up to its neck and placing food around it, which it cannot reach. It would take days for the dog to die, and during this time the dog's master would tell it that its pain is nothing compared to his own. When the dog dies, it would become an inugami; since its dying wish would have been to eat, the food placed around the corpse would act as a placatory offering, and thus make the spirit obedient.
A more specific legend states that an old woman who desired revenge against an enemy buried her treasured dog in the ground with only its head sticking out, and said "If you have a soul, do my will and I will worship you as a god." She then sawed the dog's head off with a bamboo saw (which would have been extremely painful), releasing the dog's spirit as an inugami. The spirit did as she wished, but in return for its painful death it haunted the old woman.
In the Oki Islands, the inugami takes on the function that the kitsune (fox) holds in many other regions of Japan. It is believed that an inugami-mochi will be blessed with great fortune and success, and that favors granted by them will be returned with interest. However, in exchange the inugami-mochi are shunned by other people, and find it hard to get married; they must also be careful not to offend their inugami lest they receive its wrath, as unlike the kitsune, an inugami does not merely follow its master's wishes, but also acts on its own impulses.
Many small villages in Japan are considered to have at least one old lady with the power of the inugami-mochi.
[edit] Human possession
An inugami's original body stays behind when it leaves to follow its masters wishes; the buried corpse slowly withers and rots, and if the inugami returns after the body is no longer habitable, it may take control of its master's body, making it even more powerful. Possession by an inugami is said to cure sickness, or ill health; however, it also results in the possessed behaving like a dog.
[edit] Popular culture
- Yōko in the anime Inukami!
- InuYasha, Sesshomaru, and Inu no Taisho in the anime InuYasha
- An inugami created for revenge appears in the OVA version of Tokyo Babylon
- Inuki from the manga X acts as a guardian to Nekoi Yuzuriha
- The PS2 RPG Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne features inugami as a recruitable demon.
- Inugami is a Japanese clan that possesses Harmonixer blood in the PS2 RPG "Shadow Hearts: Covenant". One member of the Inugami clan, "Kurando Inugami", is a playable character.
- An inugami is the main character in the PS2 action game Ikusagami (war god).
[edit] Trivia
- Even normal dogs are thought to be able to see ghosts in Japan.
- To pour the blood of a dog over the doorframe of a new house is considered a magical protection.
- Inugami Circus-dan is the name of a Japanese Angura Kei Band.
- The Pekinese is not considered a dog by orientals, and plays no role in folk lore whatsoever.
