International Phonetic Alphabet for Dutch
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Symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet as used for Dutch.
The slashes around IPA symbols are not part of the IPA itself, but just serve to indicate that the contents of the slashes are not normal text, but a phonemic transcription. The distinction is important, as some IPA transcriptions can look like other words. For example, an IPA transcription for the English word bean could be /bin/.
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Dutch consonants spelling IPA b /b/, /p/[1] ch /x/ d /d/, /t/[2] f /f/ g /ɣ/, /x/[1] h /ɦ/ j /j/ k /k/ l /l/ m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/ nj /ɲj/ p /p/ qu /kw/[3] r /ɾ/, /r/, /ʀ/[4] s /s/ sch /sx/ sj /ʃ/ t /t/ tj /tʲ/ tsj /tʃ/ v /v/ w /ʋ/ x /ks/ y /j/[5] z /z/ Dutch vowels and diphthongs spelling IPA a /ɑ,a:/[6] aa /a:/[7] aai /a:i̯/ au /ʌu,ʌ:/[8] ay /ai/ e /ɛ,e:/[6] ee /e:/[7] eeuw /e:u̝/ ei /ɛi,ɛ:/[8] eu /ø:/ i /ɪ,i/[6] ie /i/[9] ieuw /i:u̝/ ij /ɛi,ɛ:/[8] o /ɔ,o:/[6] oe /u/ oo /o:/[7] ooi /o:i/ ou /ʌu,ʌ:/[8] u /œ,y/[6] ui /œy,œ:/[8] uu /y/[7] uw /y:u/ y /i,ɪ/[5] - ^ a b b is devoiced in final position
- ^ d is devoiced in final position
- ^ like in English, q can only be followed by a u, and this combination is pronounced /kw/, just in a few words it is more common to pronounce it as /k/
- ^ r is silent before g in some dialects
- ^ a b y usually represents a vowel, either /i/ or /ɪ/ in both open and closed syllables, and only in a few loan words it represents a consonant
- ^ a b c d e plain written a, e, i, o, u represent different vowels whether they appear in open or closed syllables. The first symbol in IPA represents the vowel that cannot appear in open syllables
- ^ a b c d aa, ee, ie, oo, uu are seldom written in open syllables, as a, e, i, o, u respectively suffice
- ^ a b c d e In the Southern dialects of Dutch, these are not diphthongs, in the northern dialects they are.
- ^ though it is unnecessary to write ie in open syllables, it is commonly done so, and at a word end /i/ is always written ie, never i
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