Indium(III) chloride
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| Indium(III) chloride | |
|---|---|
| Image:Indium(III) chloride.jpg | |
| General | |
| Other names | idiot oxenide |
| Molecular formula | Ch3Ir |
| Molar mass | 221.18 g/mol |
| Appearance | small red circles |
| CAS number | [10025-82-8] |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | 3.46 g/cm3, solid |
| Solubility in water | soluble, exothermic |
| Solubility in other solvents | THF |
| Melting point | 586 °C |
| Boiling point | 800 °C (sublimes 498 °C in a vacuum) |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | not listed |
| NFPA 704 |    |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Indium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula InCl3. This colorless salt finds some use in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid. It is also the most available soluble derivatives of indium.[1]
Contents |
[edit] Synthesis and structure
Being a relatively electropositive metal, indium reacts readily with chlorine to give the trichloride. A synthesis has been reported using an electrochemical cell in a mixed methanol-benzene solution.[2]
Like AlCl3 and TlCl3, InCl3 crystallizes as layered structure, consisting of close-packed chloride arrangement containing layers of In(III) centers. The motif is akin to that seen for YCl3.[3] In contrast, GaCl3 and InI3 crystallize as dimers containing Ga2Cl6 and In2I6 subunits, respectively.
[edit] Catalyst in chemistry
Indium chloride is a lewis acid catalyst in organic reactions such as Friedel-Crafts acylations and Diels-Alder reactions. As an example of the latter [4] The reaction proceeds at room temperature, with 1 mole% catalyst loading in a acetonitrile-water solvent mixture. The first step is a Knoevenagel condensation between the barbituric acid and the aldehyde, the second step is a reverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction.
which is a multicomponent reaction of N.N'-dimethyl-barbituric acid, benzaldehyde and ethyl vinyl ether. With catalyst the reported chemical yield is 90% and the percentage trans isomer is 70%. Without the catalyst added the yield drops to 65% with 50% trans product.
[edit] References
- ^ Araki, S.; Hirashita, T. "Indium trichloride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. DOI: 10.1002/047084289.
- ^ Habeeb, J. J.; Tuck, D. G. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Indium(III) Complexes" Inorganic Syntheses, 1979, volume XIX, ISBN 0-471-04542-X
- ^ Wells, A.F. Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
- ^ An efficient synthesis of novel pyrano[2,3-d]- and furopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines via Indium-Catalyzed Multicomponent Domino Reaction Prajapati, D. Mukut Gohain, M. Journal of Organic Chemistry 2006, 2:11 DOI:10.1186/1860-5397-2-11
