Indigo und die vierzig Räuber

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Indigo und die vierzig Räuber (English: Indigo and the Forty Thieves) is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II based on a story from the Tales from the Arabian Nights. It was first staged on February 10, 1871 at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, Austria.

It was initially granted a warm reception by Vienna's theatre-going public, but the press was more divided in opinion. Typical published reactions were: "It consists of dance music on which Strauss has overlaid text and characters" ... "A man of Strauss' reputation should never have allowed his name to be associated with such a venture" ... "It is an interesting production and is a foretaste of great things to come".

The work was successfully restaged in Paris in 1875 under the title Queen Indigo, then, rechristened A Night on the Bosphorus, it was presented in London in 1876. Finally, after Strauss' death, the operetta was entirely reworked in 1906 by Max Steiner and staged in Vienna under yet another title, The Thousand and One Nights, which is also the title of one of Strauss' waltzes (Tausend und eine Nacht op.346) of which the melodies were drawn from the stage work.