Ignatius Donnelly

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Ignatius Loyola Donnelly

U.S. Congressman, populist, and writer
2nd Lieutenant Governor
Term of office: 1860 – 1863
Governor(s): Alexander Ramsey
Predecessor: William Holcombe
Successor: Henry Adoniram Swift
Born: November 3, 1831
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died: January 1, 1901
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Political party: Republican
Profession: lawyer, farmer
Spouse: Katherine McCaffrey and Marion Hanson

Ignatius Loyola Donnelly (November 3, 1831 – January 1, 1901) was a U.S. Congressman, populist, and writer, known primarily today for his theories on the history of Atlantis and Shakespearean authorship.

Contents

[edit] Early life and education

Donnelly was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. In 1855, he married Katherine McCaffrey, with whom he fathered three children. He moved to Minnesota in 1857, where he settled in Dakota County. Together with several partners, Donnelly founded a utopian community called Nininger City. However, the Panic of 1857 doomed that attempt at a cooperative farm and community and left Donnelly deeply in debt.

[edit] Political career

Donnelly entered politics and was lieutenant governor of Minnesota from 1860 – 1863. He was a Republican Congressman from Minnesota in the 38th, 39th, and 40th Congresses (1863 – 1868) and a state senator from 1874 – 1878. As a legislator, Donnelly advocated extending the powers of the Freedmen's Bureau to provide education for the freedmen, so that they could protect themselves once the bureau was withdrawn. Donnelly was also an early supporter of women's suffrage.

After leaving the Minnesota State Senate in 1878, Donnelly returned to his law practice and writing. In 1882, he published Atlantis: The Antediluvian World, his best known work, detailing his theories concerning the mythical lost continent of Atlantis. He made several other runs for public office during the 1880s. He made a losing run for Congress (this time as a Democrat) in 1884. In 1887, he successfully ran for the Minnesota State Legislature as an Independent. During this period, he was also an organizer of the Minnesota Farmers' Alliance.

Donnelly undertook a foray into national politics in 1892, writing the preamble of the People's Party's Omaha Platform. He was nominated for Vice President of the United States in 1900 by the People's Party. Also known as the Populist Party, the People's Party rose out of the national Farmers' Alliance movement and stood on a platform that called for abandonment of the Gold Standard (and later for Free Silver), abolition of national banks, a graduated income tax, direct election of senators, civil service reform, and an eight-hour work day. That year, Donnelly also ran for governor of Minnesota but was defeated.

[edit] Marriages

His wife Katherine died in 1894. In 1898, he remarried, wedding his secretary, Marion Hanson.

[edit] Death

Donnelly died on January 1, 1901, the first day of the 20th century, in Minneapolis, Minnesota and is buried at Calvary Cemetery in St. Paul, Minnesota. His personal papers are archived at the Minnesota Historical Society.[1]

[edit] Works

His books include:

  • Atlantis: The Antediluvian World (1882), in which he attempted to establish that all known ancient civilizations were descended from its high-Neolithic culture.
  • Ragnarok, the Age of Fire and Gravel (1883), in which he proposed that a comet hit the earth in prehistoric times and destroyed a high civilization. (This book also is available as an online facsimile from the University of Georgia Library (DjVu or Layered PDF).)
  • The Shakespeare Myth (1887)
  • Essay on the Sonnets of Shakespeare
  • The Great Cryptogram: Francis Bacon's Cipher in Shakespeare's Plays (1888), in which he maintained he had discovered codes in the works of Shakespeare indicating that their true author was Francis Bacon.
  • Caesar's Column (1890), a science fiction novel set in 1988 about a worker revolt against a global oligarchy. (Published under the pseudonym of Edmund Boisgilbert.)
  • Doctor Huguet: A Novel (1891) (Published under the pseudonym of Edmund Boisgilbert.)
  • The Golden Bottle or the Story of Ephraim Benezet of Kansas (1892)
  • The American People's Money (1896)
  • The Cipher in the Plays, and on the Tombstone (1899)

[edit] References

  • Hicks, JD (1921). 'The Political Career of Ignatius Donnelly', Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 8, pp. 80-132.
  • Ridge, M (1912). Ignatius Donnelly: The Portrait of a Politician, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

[edit] External links

Preceded by
William Holcombe		 2nd Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota
1860 – 1863		 Succeeded by
Henry Adoniram Swift
Preceded by
Cyrus Aldrich		 U.S. Representative from the 2nd Congressional District of Minnesota
1863 – 1869		 Succeeded by
Eugene McLanahan Wilson
Preceded by
Thomas E. Watson		 Populist Party Vice Presidential candidate
1900 (lost)		 Succeeded by
Thomas Tibbles
Lieutenant Governors of Minnesota Minnesota State Flag
Holcombe • Donnelly • Swift • Sherwood • Armstrong • Yale • Barto • Wakefield • Gilman • Rice • Ives • Clough • Day • Gibbs • L. Smith • Jones • Eberhart • E. Smith • Gordon • Burnquist • Sullivan • Frankson • Collins • Nolan • Adams • Arens • Solberg • Petersen • Richardson (acting) • Lindsten • Anderson • Thye • Miller • Anderson • Nelsen • Wright • Rolvaag • Keith • Goetz • Perpich • Olson • Wangberg • Johnson • Dyrstad • Benson • Schunk • Molnau
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