If Not Now, When?

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If Not Now, When? is the English title of the Italian novelist Primo Levi's 1982 novel, Se non ora, quando?. It recounts the saga of numerous members of a Jewish Resistance Movement in Nazi-occupied Russia and Poland during World War II. It is one of the key war novels of the post-war era, and an important contribution to the literature of the Holocaust. Levi himself fought as an anti-fascist partisan in Italy before being captured and, as a Jew, being sent to the Auschwitz extermination facility where he survived 11 months prior to liberation by the Red Army.