Ice field
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An ice field (also spelled icefield or ice cap although the latter actaully refers to something different) is an area less than 50,000 km² (19,305 mile²) of ice often found in the colder climates and higher altitudes of the world where there is sufficient precipitation[1]. It is an extensive area of interconnected valley glaciers from which the higher peaks rise as nunataks. Ice fields are therefore larger than glaciers and smaller than ice sheets.
Contents |
[edit] Formation
Ice fields are formed by a large accumulation of snow which, through years of compression and freezing, turns into ice. Due to ice’s susceptibility to gravity, ice fields usually form over large areas that are basins or atop plateaus thus allowing a continuum of ice to form over the landscape and not be interrupted by glacial channels. Glaciers often form on the edges of ice fields serving as a gravity-propelled drain on the ice field which is in turn replenished by the ice field’s snowfall.
While an icecap is unconstrained by topography, an icefield is. An icefield is also distinguishable from an icecap because it does not have a dome-like form (Summerfield 1991).
[edit] Ice fields of the world
[edit] Antarctica
While not technically an ice field (a continental-sized ice sheet rather), Antarctica is entirely covered by ice.
[edit] Asia
 |
This section is a stub. You can help by expanding it. |
There are a handful of ice fields in the Himalayas and Altay Mountains (the border range between the Central Asian Republics and China).
[edit] Oceania
|
This section is a stub. You can help by expanding it. |
There are no ice fields on Australia but there are a few on New Zealand.
[edit] Europe
The only large ice fields in continental Europe are on Norway (e.g., Dovre and Jotunheimen), but these are much smaller than their Canadian or Alaskan counterparts. There are a handful of small ice fields, also, in the southern Andes. Iceland also features a large ice field that covers a high percentage of the island.
[edit] Greenland
Like Antarctica, Greenland is a continental-sized ice sheet and not technically an ice field.
[edit] North America
One of the more famous North American ice fields is the Columbia Icefield located in the Rocky Mountains between Jasper and Banff, Alberta. However, despite its fame, it is actually a comparatively small ice field relative to the America cordillera.
A large number of particularly expansive ice fields lie in the Coast Mountains, Alaska Range, and Chugach Mountains of Alaska, British Columbia, and the Yukon Territory. Both the 6,500 km² Stikine Icecap (located between the Stikine and Taku Rivers) and the 2,500 km² Juneau Icefield (located between Lynn Canal and the Taku River) are both straddled along the British Columbian-Alaskan border. Farther north the Kluane Icecap — which feeds the immense Malaspina and Hubbard Glaciers as well as the Bagley Icefield. — sits upon the British Columbia-Yukon Territory-Alaska border and surrounds most of the Saint Elias Mountains as well as both Mount Saint Elias and Mount Logan but also extends as far west as the Copper River.
There are also large ice fields located in the Kenai Peninsula-Chugach Mountains area such as the Sargent Icefield and the Harding Icefield. Throughout the Alaska Range there also large icefields (including one surrounding Denali), although mostly unnamed.
[edit] South America
In South America, there are two main ice fields, Campo de Hielo Norte (translates to Northern Ice Field or Northern Patagonian Ice Field) and Campo de Hielo Sur (translates to Southern Ice Field or Southern Patagonian Ice Field), both in Chile (although there are parts of the Southern Ice Field in Argentina). There is also a small ice field on the western (Chilean) portion of Tierra del Fuego proper.
