Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni
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The Hypogeum in Ħal-Saflieni, Paola, Malta, is a subterranean structure excavated c. 2500 B.C. Thought to be originally a sanctuary, it became a necropolis in prehistoric times. It is the only prehistoric underground temple in the world. The Hypogeum was depicted on a 2 cents 5 mils stamp issued in the Maltese Islands in 1980 to commemorate the acceptance by UNESCO of this unique structure in the World Heritage Site list. It was closed to visitors between 1992 and 1996 for restoration works.
It was discovered by accident in 1902 when workers cutting cisterns for a new housing development broke through its roof. The study of the structure was first entrusted to Father Manuel Magri of the Society of Jesus, who directed the excavations on behalf of the Museums Committee. Magri unfortunately died in 1907, before the publication of the report. Following Magri's sudden death, excavation resumed under Sir Temi Zammit.
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[edit] First Level
The first level is very similar to tombs found in Xemxija in Malta. Some rooms are natural caves which were later artificially extended. From evidence, one can say that this is the oldest level. The second level was only opened when the original builders found that that this level was no longer adequate. This level is only ten metres below the street level.
[edit] Second Level
The level shows magnificent skill in stonework. One can see several important rooms, such as the Main Room, the Holy of Holies, and the Oracle Room.
[edit] The Main Chamber
This chamber is roughly circular and carved out from rock. A number of trilithon entrances are represented, some blind, and others leading to another chamber. Most of the wall surface has received a red wash of ochre. It was from this room that the statuettes of the sleeping lady were recovered. Nowadays these figurines are held in the Museum of Archaeology, in Valletta, Malta.
[edit] The Oracle Room
The Oracle Room is roughly rectangular and one of the smallest side chambers has the pecularity of producing a powerful echo. A man's voice echoes, whereas a woman's voice does not echo. This room has an elaborately painted ceiling, consisting of spirals in red ochre with circular blobs.
[edit] The Decorated Room
Out of the Oracle's Room, through the hammer dressed chamber, on the right is another spacious hall, circular, with inward slanting smooth walls, richly decorated in a geometrical pattern. On the right side walla the entrance is a petrosomatoglyph of a human hand carved into the rock (Agius).
[edit] The Snake Pit
The second level contains a 2 m deep pit which could have been used for either keeping snakes or collecting alms.
[edit] Holy of Holies
The focal point of this room is a porthole within a trilithon, which is in turn framed within a larger trilithon and yet another large trilithon.
[edit] Third Level
The lower storey contained no bones or offering only water. It strongly suggests storage, maybe of grain.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Hal-Saflieni Hypogeum (1982) Malta. Ann Mette Heindorff,. Retrieved on October 22, 2005.
- Malta Temples. Jim Diamond,. Retrieved on October 22, 2006.
- Agius, A.J. The Hypogeum at Hal-Saflieni. Freedom Press. Malta. P. 19.
