Hypertrophic osteopathy

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This article is about hypertrophic osteopathy in animals. For hypertrophic osteopathy in humans, see Clubbing.

Hypertrophic osteopathy is a bone disease secondary to disease in the lungs. It is characterized by new bone formation on the outside of the toe bones, which then extends proximally. Symptoms include stiffness and warm, firm swelling of the legs, and signs of lung disease such as coughing and difficulty breathing. Hypertrophic osteopathy differs from the condition in humans in that in dogs it is usually caused by lung tumors or infections such as Mycobacterium fortuitum or Corynebacterium. The most common cause in humans is congenital cyanotic heart disease.[1] Other potential causes in dogs include heartworm disease, heart disease, and focal pulmonary atelectasis. Hypertrophic osteopathy is rare in cats.

Hypertrophic osteopathy is caused by increased blood flow to the ends of the legs, overgrowth of connective tissue, and then new bone formation surrounding the bones. This is secondary to nerve stimulation by the lung disease. The condition may reverse if the lung mass is removed or if the vagus nerve is cut on the affected side.[2]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Foster, Wendy K.; Armstrong, Julie A. (2006). "Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary Eikenella corrodens infection in a dog". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 228 (9): 1366-1369. Retrieved on 2006-08-26.
  2. ^ Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 4th ed., W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3.
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