Hungarians in Vojvodina
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Hungarians or Magyars are a second largest ethnic group in the Vojvodina province, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, there are 290,207 ethnic Hungarians in Vojvodina who compose 14.28% of the provincial population. The number of ethnic Hungarians in the whole of Serbia is 293,299, and their participation for the overall population of Serbia is 3.91%. Like all other Hungarians, they speak the Hungarian language, and the majority are Roman Catholics by faith; smaller numbers of those in Serbia are Calvinist. Hungarian is one of the six official languages of Vojvodina.
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[edit] Geography
Most of the Hungarians (59.71% of the total) live in the northern part of Vojvodina, in the eight municipalities where they form the absolute or relative majority. The municipalities with an absolute Hungarian majority are: Kanjiža (86.52%), Senta (80.51%), Ada (76.64%), Bačka Topola (58.94%), Mali Iđoš (55.92%) and Čoka (51.56%). The ethnically mixed municipalities with relative Hungarian majority are Bečej (48.83%) and Subotica (38.47%). The city of Subotica is a cultural and political centre for the Hungarians in Vojvodina.
[edit] Settlements with Hungarian majority
This is a list of the settlements in Vojvodina with absolute or relative Hungarian majority based on the 2002 census data.
Subotica municipality:
- Subotica (Hungarian: Szabadka)
- Palić (Hungarian: Palicsfürdő)
- Hajdukovo (Hungarian: Hajdújárás)
- Bački Vinogradi (Hungarian: Bácsszőlős)
- Šupljak (Hungarian: Alsóludas)
- Čantavir (Hungarian: Csantavér)
- Bačko Dušanovo (Hungarian: Zentaörs)
- Kelebija (Hungarian: Alsókelebia)
Bačka Topola municipality:
- Bačka Topola (Hungarian: Topolya)
- Bajša (Hungarian: Bajsa)
- Pačir (Hungarian: Pacsér)
- Stara Moravica (Hungarian: Ómoravica or Bácskossuthfalva)
- Zobnatica (Hungarian: Andrásnépe)
- Bogaraš (Hungarian: Bogaras-Felváros)
- Obornjača (Hungarian: Nagyvölgy)
- Bagremovo (Hungarian: Brazília)
- Gunaroš (Hungarian: Gunaras)
- Novo Orahovo (Hungarian: Zentagunaras)
- Kavilo (Hungarian: Rákóczifalu or Kavilló)
- Pobeda (Hungarian: Győztes or Pobedabirtok)
Mali Iđoš municipality:
Kanjiža municipality:
- Kanjiža (Hungarian: Magyarkanizsa)
- Adorjan (Hungarian: Adorján)
- Doline (Hungarian: Völgyes)
- Horgoš (Hungarian: Horgos)
- Male Pijace (Hungarian: Kispiac)
- Mali Pesak (Hungarian: Kishomok)
- Martonoš (Hungarian: Martonos)
- Novo Selo (Hungarian: Újfalu)
- Orom (Hungarian: Orom)
- Totovo Selo (Hungarian: Tóthfalu)
- Trešnjevac (Hungarian: Oromhegyes)
- Zimonić (Hungarian: Ilonafalu)
Senta municipality:
- Senta (Hungarian: Zenta)
- Gornji Breg (Hungarian: Felsőhegy)
- Bogaraš (Hungarian: Bogaras)
- Tornjoš (Hungarian: Tornyos)
- Kevi (Hungarian: Kevi)
Ada municipality:
- Ada (Hungarian: Ada)
- Mol (Hungarian: Mohol)
- Utrine (Hungarian: Törökfalu)
- Obornjača (Hungarian: Völgypart-Nagyvölgy)
- Sterijino (Hungarian: Valkaisor/Sterijino)
Bečej municipality:
- Bečej (Hungarian: Óbecse)
- Bačko Gradište (Hungarian: Bácsföldvár)
- Bačko Petrovo Selo (Hungarian: Péterréve)
- Mileševo (Hungarian: Istenföldje)
Čoka municipality:
- Čoka (Hungarian: Csóka)
- Padej (Hungarian: Padé)
- Jazovo (Hungarian: Hódegyháza)
- Banatski Monoštor (Hungarian: Kanizsamonostor)
- Vrbica (Hungarian: Egyházaskér)
- Crna Bara (Hungarian: Feketetó)
Novi Kneževac municipality:
- Majdan (Hungarian: Magyarmajdány)
- Rabe (Hungarian: Rábé)
Kikinda municipality:
- Sajan (Hungarian: Szaján)
Nova Crnja municipality:
- Nova Crnja (Hungarian: Magyarcsernye)
- Toba (Hungarian: Tóba)
Žitište municipality:
- Torda (Hungarian: Torontáltorda)
- Hetin (Hungarian: Tamásfalva)
- Novi Itebej (Hungarian: Alsóittebe)
Zrenjanin municipality:
- Mihajlovo (Hungarian: Magyarszentmihály)
- Lukino Selo (Hungarian: Lukácsfalva)
Sečanj municipality:
- Busenje (Hungarian: Káptalanfalva)
Kovačica municipality:
- Debeljača (Hungarian: Torontálvásárhely)
Plandište municipality:
- Jermenovci (Hungarian: Ürményháza)
Vršac municipality:
- Šušara (Hungarian: Fejértelep)
Bela Crkva municipality:
- Dobričevo (Hungarian: Udvarszállás)
Kovin municipality:
- Skorenovac (Hungarian: Székelykeve)
- Šumarak (Hungarian: Emánueltelep)
Pančevo municipality:
- Ivanovo (Hungarian: Sándoregyháza)
Irig municipality:
- Šatrinci (Hungarian: Satrinca)
- Dobrodol (Hungarian: Dobradópuszta)
Odžaci municipality:
- Bogojevo (Hungarian: Gombos)
Sombor municipality:
- Doroslovo (Hungarian: Doroszló)
- Telečka (Hungarian: Bácsgyulafalva)
- Bezdan (Hungarian: Bezdán)
- Svetozar Miletić (Hungarian: Nemesmillitics)
Apatin municipality:
[edit] History
Parts of the Vojvodina region were included into the Hungarian Kingdom in the 10th century, and Hungarians then began to settle in the region. Following the Ottoman conquest in the 16th century, most of the Hungarian population fled from the region. New Hungarian settlers started to come to the region with the establishment of the Habsburg rule at the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century.
Count Imre Csáky settled Hungarians in his possessions in Bačka in 1712. In 1745, Hungarian colonists settled in Senta, in 1750 in Topola, in 1752 in Doroslovo, in 1772 in Bogojevo, in 1760 in Stara Kanjiža, in 1762 in Davod, in 1764 in Iđoš, in 1767 in Petrovo Selo, in 1776 in Martonoš, in 1786 in Pačir and Turski Sentmikloš, in 1787 in Piroš, in 1789 in Feketić. Between 1782 and 1786, Hungarians settled in Crvenka and Stara Moravica, and in 1794 in Kula.
Hungarians of Roman Catholic faith originated mostly from Dunántúl, while Hungarians of Protestant faith originated mostly from Alföld. Between 1751 and 1753, Hungarians settled in Mol and Ada (Those originated mostly from Szeged and Jászság). In 1764-1767, Hungarians settled in Subotica, Bajmok and Čantavir, and in 1770 again in Kanjiža, Mol, Ada, and Petrovo Selo, as well as in Feldvarac, Sentomaš, and Turija.
In Banat, the settling of Hungarians started later. In 1784 Hungarians settled in Padej and Nakovo, in 1776 in Torda, in 1786 in Donji Itebej, in 1796 in Beodra and Čoka, in 1782 in Monoštor, in 1798 in Mađarska Crnja, in 1773 in Krstur and Majdan, in 1774 in Debeljača, in 1755-1760 in Bečkerek, in 1766 in Vršac. In 1790, 14 Hungarian families from Transylvania settled in Banat.
In the 19th century, the Hungarian colonization increased. From the beginning of the century, the Hungarian individuals and small groups of settlers from Alföld constantly immigrating to Bačka. In the first half of the 19th century larger and smaller groups of the colonists settled in Mol (in 1805), in Feldvarac, Temerin, and Novi Sad (in 1806). In 1884, Hungarian colonists were settled in Šajkaška and in Mali Stapar near Sombor. In 1889, Hungarians were settled in Svilojevo near Apatin, in 1892 in Gomboš, while another group settled in Gomboš in 1898. Many Hungarian settlers from Gomboš moved to Bačka Palanka. After the abolishment of the Military Frontier, Hungarian colonists were settled in Potisje, Čurug, Žabalj, Šajkaški Sveti Ivan, Titel, and Mošorin. In 1883 around 1,000 Székely Hungarians settled in Kula, Stara Kanjiža, Stari Bečej, and Titel.
In 1800, smaller groups of Hungarian colonists from Dunántúl settled in Čoka, while in the same time colonists from Csanád and Csongrád counties settled in area around Itebej and Crnja, where they at first lived in scattered small settlements, and later they moved to one single settlement - Mađarska Crnja. In 1824, one group of colonists from Čestereg also settled in Mađarska Crnja. In 1829 Hungarians settled in Mokrin, and in 1880 an even larger number of Hungarians settled in this municipality. In 1804, Hungarian colonists from Csongrád county settled in Firiđhaza (which was then joined with Turska Kanjiža), as well as in Sajan and Torda. Even a larger group of Hungarians from Csongrád settled in 1804 in Debeljača. In 1817-1818 Hungarians settled in Veliki Bikač, and in 1820-1840 smaller groups of Hungarians settled in Vranjevo. In 1826, colonists from Jászság and Kunság settled in Arač near Beodra. In 1830, Hungarians from Alföld settled in Veliki Lec, in 1831 in Ostojićevo, in 1832 in Malenčino Selo near Veliki Gaj, in 1839 and 1870 in Padej, in 1840 in Jermenovci and Mađarski Sentmihalj, in 1840-1841 in Dušanovac, in 1841 in Hetin, in 1859 in Sanad, in 1869 in Đurđevo (later moved to Skorenovac), and in 1890 in Gornja Mužlja. In 1883-1886, Székely Hungarians from Bukovina were settled in Vojlovica, Skorenovac, Ivanovo, and Đurđevo. Total number of Székely colonists was 3,520.
First Hungarian settlers in Srem moved there during 1860s from neighbouring counties, especially from Bačka.
According to the 1880 census, the Hungarians were third largest ethnic group in the Vojvodina region and participated with 22.6% in the population (the largest group were Serbs with 35.5%, and the second largest were Germans with 24.4%). In the next, 1890 census, the Hungarians were second largest group with participation of 24.4% (Serb participation was 34.4%, and German was 24.2%). The percent of ethnic Hungarians increased to 28.1% in 1910 census, and since 1918, decreased to 14.28% in the 2002 census.
[edit] Culture
- Magyar Szó, a Hungarian language daily newspaper published in Novi Sad until 2006, when its offices were relocated to Subotica.
[edit] Famous Hungarians from Vojvodina
- Monica Seles, a former World No.1 female tennis player. She was born in 1973, in Novi Sad.
- Dezső Kosztolányi (1885-1936), one of the most famous Hungarian writers.
- Géza Csáth (1887-1919), a tragic physician-writer.
- Péter Lékó (b. 1979 in Subotica), Hungary's number one chess player.
- Félix Lajkó (b. 1974 in Subotica), a "world music" violinist and composer.
- Sylvester Levay, a Hungarian composer. He was born in 1945 in Subotica.
[edit] Politics
Three largest ethnic Hungarian political parties in Vojvodina are:
- Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, led by József Kasza,
- Democratic Community of Vojvodina Hungarians, led by Sándor Pál, and
- Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians, led by András Ágoston.
All three parties advocating the establishment of the territorial autonomy for Hungarians in the northern part of Vojvodina, which would include the municipalities with Hungarian majority (See Hungarian Regional Autonomy for details).
[edit] References
- Borislav Jankulov, Pregled kolonizacije Vojvodine u XVIII i XIX veku, Novi Sad - Pančevo, 2003.
[edit] See also
- Ethnic groups of Vojvodina
- Hungarian exonyms (Vojvodina)
- Magyars
- Hungarians in Slovakia
- Hungarian minority in Romania
- Székely
- Székelys of Bukovina
- Csángó
- Magyarab
